‘히타이트-이집트 평화조약’의 역사적 배경 연구－ 히타이트 측 정황을 중심으로
A Study on Historical Settings of the Hittite-Egyptian Peace Treaty
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In 1258 B.C.E., the long period of hostility between Hittite and Egypt was brought to an end by means of a treaty. The treaty is known from several sources: from texts in Egyptian hieroglyphs recorded on the walls of the Amun temple at Karnak and of Ramesseum, the mortuary temple of Ramesses II, and from three fragmentary Akkadian-language cuneiform tablets discovered at Boğazkale/ Hattusha in Turkey. The elements of this treaty were wide-ranging: review of the former relations, mutual renunciation of further conquests, reaffirmation of the former treaties, mutual defensive alliance against their enemies, extradition of political fugitives to each countries, the witness of the Hittite and Egyptian gods, curses on the violator and blessings on the observer of the treaty. The initiative of the treaty seems to have come from the Hittite king who had been in a difficult situation with dual problems of within and outer settings. Hattushili seized the throne after deposing Urhi-Teshub, but his coup did not have the support of his subjects. Urhi-Teshub finally fled to Egypt for asylum and accepted by Ramesses. The Assyrians had conquered Hanigalbat in Syria that has recently had defected to the Hittites, and were now threatening the Hittite empire itself. So in due course the Hittite king began to sound out the possibilities for peace with Egypt. This final measure would have provided Hattushili with official recognition from Egypt of legitimacy of his rule. For the Hittites, beginning in the late 16th century B.C.E., it had been routine to have a written treaty setting forth the rights and obligations of both parties with new alley. The importance of such documents for Hittite statecraft is reflected by the fact that over half of the treaties now known from the ancient Near East are from the Hittite archives. Since the Hittite king had to deal with many more subordinate rulers than equals, by far the most commonly attested variety of diplomatic agreement from the Hittites is the vassal treaty. However, the peaceful relation with Egypt was codified in parity treaties in which neither party imposes anything on the other. Formal documents of this type perhaps less usual in Egypt where Pharaoh's word was law than throughout the Hittite empire where such treaties were standard practice between suzerain and vassal.
Abstract
In 1258 B.C.E., the long period of hostility between Hittite and Egypt was brought to an end by means of a treaty. The treaty is known from several sources: from texts in Egyptian hieroglyphs recorded on the walls of the Amun temple at Karnak and of Ramesseum, the mortuary temple of Ramesses II, and from three fragmentary Akkadian-language cuneiform tablets discovered at Boğazkale/ Hattusha in Turkey. The elements of this treaty were wide-ranging: review of the former relations, mutual renunciation of further conquests, reaffirmation of the former treaties, mutual defensive alliance against their enemies, extradition of political fugitives to each countries, the witness of the Hittite and Egyptian gods, curses on the violator and blessings on the observer of the treaty. The initiative of the treaty seems to have come from the Hittite king who had been in a difficult situation with dual problems of within and outer settings. Hattushili seized the throne after deposing Urhi-Teshub, but his coup did not have the support of his subjects. Urhi-Teshub finally fled to Egypt for asylum and accepted by Ramesses. The Assyrians had conquered Hanigalbat in Syria that has recently had defected to the Hittites, and were now threatening the Hittite empire itself. So in due course the Hittite king began to sound out the possibilities for peace with Egypt. This final measure would have provided Hattushili with official recognition from Egypt of legitimacy of his rule. For the Hittites, beginning in the late 16th century B.C.E., it had been routine to have a written treaty setting forth the rights and obligations of both parties with new alley. The importance of such documents for Hittite statecraft is reflected by the fact that over half of the treaties now known from the ancient Near East are from the Hittite archives. Since the Hittite king had to deal with many more subordinate rulers than equals, by far the most commonly attested variety of diplomatic agreement from the Hittites is the vassal treaty. However, the peaceful relation with Egypt was codified in parity treaties in which neither party imposes anything on the other. Formal documents of this type perhaps less usual in Egypt where Pharaoh's word was law than throughout the Hittite empire where such treaties were standard practice between suzerain and vassal.
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