히타이트 텔리피누 칙령(Telipinu Edict)과 고대 이스라엘의 왕위계승
Hittite Telipinu Edict and Succession of Kings in Ancient Israel
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이 논문은 히타이트의 텔리피누 칙령과 고대 이스라엘의 왕위계승을 살펴보고자 한다. 이 논문에서 필자는 문헌비교를 통해 히타이트 텔리피누 칙령의 배경과 원칙 및 그 의미를 설명하고, 그것을 남왕국과 북왕국의 왕위 승계의 모습과 비교한다. 이를 통해 이 논문은 텔리피누 칙령의 원칙이 준수되는지의 여부가 왕정의 안정과 발전에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지를 고찰한다.
Abstract
This study aims to compare Telepinu Edict with the royal succession in the ancient Israel by literary comparative method. Telipinu Edict dictated the laws of peaceful succession in the Hittite throne. It was designed to stop the royal murders which had taken place in the previous decades. The rules of successions are as follows:1. Only a king’s son of the first rank shall be installed as a king. 2. If there is no king’s son of the first rank, the one who is a son of second rank becomes king. 3. If there is no male royal child, whatever, a man who will marry the daughter of the first rank shall become king. The edict was meaningful in terms of legitimizing kingship in the ancient world. The kinship was guaranteed and they were able to punish the violators of this edict through Panku, the council of elders, equivalent to modern constitutional court. The edict abolished the involvement system and no other family members were punished except the guilty person. The edict made a great impact on the Hittite history, putting an end to royal murders. This is a part of cultural heritage of human civilization. When the legal spirit of this edict was kept in the process of royal transition, peace and safety were ensued in the nation. Otherwise, human casualties and confusion followed due to rapid changes of monarchies. The principle of the edict can be seen in the history of ancient Israel. The Davidic covenant in southern Judah followed something like Telipinu edict, leaving peaceful succession of kings with the elder son or other sons in general, preventing abnormal involvement from outside or other special situations. Successive military coups and sudden usurpation of kingship in northern Israel brought much bloodshed and national confusion, causing Assyrian exile and national downfall with slavery of the people in the end.
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