Antoninus Pius’ Frontier Revision in Britannia
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The purpose of this paper is to suggest appropriate reasons why the frontier in Britannia was advanced toward the southern Scotland and then so quickly relinquished in the reign of Antoninus Pius. The Roman Empire was under the extremely expanded condition in the late years of Trajan’s reign. An impellent territorial expansion could cause a vacuum of war potential in another frontier. Although Hadrian might have thought that the adoption of Antoninus Pius would be appropriated in such condition, the political atmosphere around this new ruler pushed for a military operation to him. Antoninus Pius established a new frontier in Roman Scotland to earn loyalty of the army and favour of the Senate upon himself. However, this frontier could not maintain long due to external factors. The warfares in the provinces of Mauretania and Germany requested a considerable number of detachments from Britain. The blank of war potential in Britain was filled by continuous attacks of indigenous tribes. Finally, this Brigantian revolt ceased the life of Antonine Wall as an effective frontier line, and then Romans had to reconstruct the previous frontier, the Hadrian Wall. In conclusion, the frontier revision by Antoninus Pius in Roman Scotland was started to achieve his political purpose, but was frustrated by the undeniable military difficulties.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to suggest appropriate reasons why the frontier in Britannia was advanced toward the southern Scotland and then so quickly relinquished in the reign of Antoninus Pius. The Roman Empire was under the extremely expanded condition in the late years of Trajan’s reign. An impellent territorial expansion could cause a vacuum of war potential in another frontier. Although Hadrian might have thought that the adoption of Antoninus Pius would be appropriated in such condition, the political atmosphere around this new ruler pushed for a military operation to him. Antoninus Pius established a new frontier in Roman Scotland to earn loyalty of the army and favour of the Senate upon himself. However, this frontier could not maintain long due to external factors. The warfares in the provinces of Mauretania and Germany requested a considerable number of detachments from Britain. The blank of war potential in Britain was filled by continuous attacks of indigenous tribes. Finally, this Brigantian revolt ceased the life of Antonine Wall as an effective frontier line, and then Romans had to reconstruct the previous frontier, the Hadrian Wall. In conclusion, the frontier revision by Antoninus Pius in Roman Scotland was started to achieve his political purpose, but was frustrated by the undeniable military difficulties.
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