Boudica and Cartimandua in Tacitus’s Narrative of the Neronian Principate
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Boudica and Cartimandua of Roman Britannia are the famous examples of female leadership in antiquity. This paper will attempt to add a couple of puzzle pieces to the voices and images related to Boudica and Cartimandua as leadership under the Roman rule from Tacitus’s historiography, considering more of their socio-historical context. I shall explore whether one could understand these two leaders as historical figures in relation to their own people from the re-reading of some passages from Tacitus. Boudica’s revolt broke out under Nero, while Cartimandua’s rule lasted during Nero’s reign and ended with his death. It has been widely acknowledged that Tacitus intended to emphasise the correlation between res internae and res externae in his narratives, especially the Annales in order to aim his criticism at the principate and the emperors. Therefore, this paper will also analyse the narratives of Boudica and Cartimandua in the “broader narratives” of Tacitus and to investigate how they represent some of Tacitus’s political opinions about Nero and his reign. To fulfil these tasks, in Chapter 2 the voice of the Britons themselves during Boudica’s revolt will be focused on, while Chapter 3 will deal with Queen Cartimandua of the Brigantes, especially in the relationship with her husband, Venutius. However, when reading the works of Tacitus, one cannot escape from the historical narrative that the historian (re-)constructed. Thus I shall examine in Chapter 4 how and what parts the two leaders played in the narrative representation and historical interpretation of Tacitus, especially in connection with the historian’s opinion about Nero’s principate.
Abstract
Boudica and Cartimandua of Roman Britannia are the famous examples of female leadership in antiquity. This paper will attempt to add a couple of puzzle pieces to the voices and images related to Boudica and Cartimandua as leadership under the Roman rule from Tacitus’s historiography, considering more of their socio-historical context. I shall explore whether one could understand these two leaders as historical figures in relation to their own people from the re-reading of some passages from Tacitus. Boudica’s revolt broke out under Nero, while Cartimandua’s rule lasted during Nero’s reign and ended with his death. It has been widely acknowledged that Tacitus intended to emphasise the correlation between res internae and res externae in his narratives, especially the Annales in order to aim his criticism at the principate and the emperors. Therefore, this paper will also analyse the narratives of Boudica and Cartimandua in the “broader narratives” of Tacitus and to investigate how they represent some of Tacitus’s political opinions about Nero and his reign. To fulfil these tasks, in Chapter 2 the voice of the Britons themselves during Boudica’s revolt will be focused on, while Chapter 3 will deal with Queen Cartimandua of the Brigantes, especially in the relationship with her husband, Venutius. However, when reading the works of Tacitus, one cannot escape from the historical narrative that the historian (re-)constructed. Thus I shall examine in Chapter 4 how and what parts the two leaders played in the narrative representation and historical interpretation of Tacitus, especially in connection with the historian’s opinion about Nero’s principate.
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