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‘이름짓기’의 정치적 효과: 정체성 단서를 활용한 언론의 이름짓기를 중심으로

The Political Effects of Labeling: Focusing on News Labeling Using Identity Cues

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초록

이 연구는 정체성 단서를 부각하는 언론의 이름짓기가 유발하는 효과를 탐색했다. 첨예한 사건과 이슈를 일컫는 방식이 특정한 정치적 효과를 창출할 수 있음에 주목하고, 이 연구는 특정 정체성을 활성화할 수 있는 ‘이름짓기(labeling)’가 사람들의 내집단-외집단 인식 및 감정, 그리고 이슈 태도에 미치는 효과를 분석했다. 이를 위해 젠더 정체성을 부각하는 이름짓기를 내포한 기사 처치물(‘이대녀 정책’ 혹은 ‘이대남 정책’)을 작성하여, 20대 성인 남녀를 대상으로 온라인 실험 연구를 진행했다(N = 300). 연구 결과, 예측과는 달리 젠더 내집단(동성 집단) 단서와 외집단(이성 집단) 단서에 노출된 집단 모두 통제집단에 비해 젠더 내집단과 자신의 유사성을 낮게 인식하는 경향을 나타냈다. 내집단 정체성 단서에 노출된 사람들은 아무런 단서에도 노출되지 않은 사람들에 비해 자신이 속한 젠더 집단에 대해 더 부정적 감정을 표출하기도 했다. 이름짓기의 점화효과는 남성 집단에서만 미약하게 나타났는데, 해당 정책의 이름을 통해 외집단 단서를 접한 남성 집단에서 젠더 내집단 정체감이 이슈 태도에 미치는 효과가 다소 높아졌다. 이 연구는 정체성 단서를 활용해 사건을 호명하는 언론 행위에 대한 학술적 분석으로서 의의를 가진다.

Abstract

This study explores the political effects of news labeling, which highlights identity cues. Specifically, this study examines the effects of news labeling containing specific identity cues on individuals’ in-group vs. out-group perceptions, feelings, and issue attitudes. To this end, an online experiment study was conducted on a total of 300 men and women in their 20s by manipulating news articles that report on the ‘HPV vaccine policy’ as a way to highlight gender identities. According to the results, those groups exposed to gender in-group and out-group cues, compared to the control group with no gender cues, perceived a lesser degree of similarity between themselves and their own gender group. Individuals exposed to gender in-group cues expressed more negative feelings towards their own gender group. The priming effects of gender identity cues were observed only in the male group; the effects of gender identification on issue attitudes were slightly higher among the male participants who were exposed to out-group gender cues compared to no-cue control group. This research holds significance as a scholarly analysis of news media’s practices that name issues and events using various identity cues.

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