프로이트의 사유에 나타난 카타르시스 연구

Abstract

This paper aims to examine the concept of catharsis in the thought of Freud. First of all, we are going to notice that there are various interpretations around the Aristotelian concept. Aristotle explain the meaning of catharsis as he is using that term in the definition of tragedy in Poetics. Widely, held interpretations of catharsis as "purification" (in the context of ethical interpretation), or "purgation" (in the context of medical interpretation) have basis until 19th century, but catharsis said by Aristotle changed its notion in the time and according to the points of view of the interpreters. More recently, in the twentieth century, the interpretation of catharsis as intellectual clarification or aesthetic clarification has arisen as a rival to the older views in describing the effect of catharsis on members of the audience. This paper does not purport to be a complete history of catharsis. We just note that in the multi-cultural society, catharsis has different meanings and thus indicates the subtle processing of the emotion in thought according to the experiences of the subjects. In the second place, we are going to examine the thought of Freud around the concept of catharsis. In the thought of Freud, the concept of catharsis develops in two directions. In the first direction, the cathartic method, which consists in bringing down the psychological barriers of the patient by hypnosis to wake the buried memories, so generating an emotional discharge. Quickly, Freud gives up the hypnosis and then the suggestion. This technical evolution keeps pace with a change of perspective in the theory of the cure. It is about a re-memorization, or about an objectification by connecting it with the psychoanalytical speech. Freud defines this process as ‘working through’. We also examine catharsis in his text on the art. For Freud, the esthetic experience seems at first to happen in the narcissistic catharsis. But from what would make burglary in the art, Freud proposes the effect of a ‘désaisissement’ in the radical difference of narcissistic catharsis. This ‘désaisissement’ is ‘shock of ego’ by which the subject (the patient) acquires the insight as new revival.