초기 알츠하이머병 환자와 주요 우울증 환자의 기억기능 비교
A Comparison of Memory in Early Alzheimer’s Disease and Major Depressive Disorder
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목적 : 본 연구에서는 초기 AD 집단과 MDD 집단의 기억능력을 정상 통제 집단과 비교하고, 두 집단을 구별하는핵심적인 기억 특성을 파악하여 증상 초기 비슷한 임상양상으로 인해 감별진단이 어려운 AD와 MDD 집단의진단 변별력을 높이고 나아가 치매 초기 신속한 치료적개입을 위한 중요한 정보를 제공하고자 한다. 방법 : 단어 목록에 대한 학습, 회상및 재인의 평가와 함께 침입, 계열위치효과(serial position effect), 회상 일관성(recall consistency), 학습기울기(learning slope), 반응 편향(response bias), 문장에 대한 즉시 및 지연 회상 능력, 시각적 즉시 회상 능력 및 오류 유형과 같은 기억 과정의 질적 특성을 종합적으로 살펴봄결과 : 초기 AD 집단은 언어적 및 시각적 기억기능 전반에 걸쳐 MDD 및 정상 통제 집단과 구별되는 기억기능의 결함이 시사되었다. 이에 반해 MDD 집단은 언어적 기억의 지연 회상에서 정상 통제 집단에 비해 저조한 수행을 보였으나 학습과 재인에서는 정상 통제 집단과 차이를 보이지 않아 기억 과정 자체의 문제라기 보다는 주도성과 동기의 결여나 관리기능의 결함과관련된 것으로 판단되고, 시각적 기억에서 초기 AD 집단보다 BVRT 수행 시간이 더 느렸던 것은 MDD 집단의 주요 특징인 정신운동속도 지연을 반영하는 것이라할 수 있다. 기억 기능의 양적 및 질적 특성을 통한 초기 AD와 MDD 집단에 대한 판별분석 결과, 양적 특성에서는 CERAD-K의 CRT와 CERAD-K의 WLR이 높은 기여도를 보이며 초기 AD와 MDD 집단을 86.3%의 분류 정확율로 구분할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한질적 특성에서는 LMT의 학습 기울기, CERAD-K WLRC의위양성 오류, CERAD-K WLR의 침입, BVRT 의 왜곡 오류 수, BVRT의 모사 시간 순으로 높은 기여도를 나타내었고 두 집단 간의 분류 정확율은 93.8%에 해당하여 초기 AD와 MDD 집단을 구분하는데 있어서 기억 기능의 양적 측면과 더불어 질적인 측면에 대한 고려가 함께 이루어질 때 보다 정확한 감별 진단이 가능할 것이다.
Abstract
Objectives:We aimed to evaluate the memory function of early Alzheimer’s disease(AD) group and Major depressive disorder(MDD) group compared with normal control(NC) group and to investigate the accuracy of memory function in differentiation of each group. Methods:Fifty early AD patients and 30 MDD patients and 30 age- and sex- and education-matched NC subjects were selected. The Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease assessment packet(CERAD-K), Logical Memory Test(LMT), and Benton Visual Retention Test(BVRT) were administered. Results:Early AD group performed significantly worse than MDD and NC group in most verbal and visual memory tests. In contrast, MDD group obtained more impaired score than NC in most tests but no significantly differences were found between MDD and NC except for delayed recall test of verbal memory. Discrimination analysis of quantitative indices demonstrated 86.3% of diagnosis precision rate. Also discrimination analysis of qualitative indices which measured the process of memory indicated that overall percentage correct classification was 93.8%. Conclusion:In quantitative indices, constructional recall test(CRT) and word list recall(WLR) were highly correlated with function which discriminates between early AD and MDD group. In qualitative indices, learning slope of LMT, false positive error and intrusion error of CERAD-K, distortion error of BVRT, and response time of BVRT have high discriminating power.
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