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신경심리평가 수행을 통한 초기 알쯔하이머형 치매와 혈관성 치매의 신경심리학적 변별

Neuropsychological Differentiation betweenMild Alzheimer's Disease and Subcortical Vascular Dementia

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주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 초기 알쯔하이머형 치매 환자군과 혈관성 치매 환자군의 신경심리평가 수행을 통한 신경심리기능을 정상 통제군과 비교하여 살펴보고, 또한 임상 장면에서 사용되는 다양한 신경심리검사 도구들의 진단 변별력을 알아보고자 하였다. 알쯔하이머형 치매 환자 24명, 혈관성 치매 환자 24명, 정상 노인 24명을 연령, 성, 교육 수준 등의 인구통계학적 변인을 비슷한 수준으로 대응표집하였고, 서울신경심리학검사를 사용하여 전반적인 인지기능에 대한 평가를 실시하였다. 각 검사에 대한 세 집단의 수행 차이를 분석한 결과, 전반적인 인지영역에서 치매 환자집단은 정상 노인집단에 비해 유의미하게 낮은 점수를 보였다. 특히 두 치매 환자집단은 정상 노인집단에 비해 기억기능의 극심한 결함을 나타내었고, 그 중에서도 특히 지연 회상 점수가 가장 저하되어 있음이 발견되었다. 또한 알쯔하이머형 치매 환자집단은 언어기능과 기억기능에서, 혈관성 치매 환자집단은 전두엽기능과 주의력에서 다른 집단과 비교하여 두드러지는 인지적인 결함을 보였다. 판별분석 결과, 정상 노인집단으로부터 치매 환자집단을 가장 잘 변별해 주는 검사는 서울언어학습검사의 지연회상 과제였으며, 한국판 보스톤 이름대기 검사는 알쯔하이머형 치매를, 단어유창성 검사의 철자 유창성 과제는 혈관성 치매를 가장 잘 변별해 주는 것으로 나타났고, 신경심리검사 변인들에 의한 세 집단의 전체적인 분류 정확률은 93.1%였다. 끝으로, 신경심리검사를 통한 변별진단의 유용성에 관해 논의하였다.

Abstract

This study attempted not only to evaluate neuropsychological function and dysfunction of different types of dementia, but also to investigate the accuracy of neuropsychological tests in differentiation of each group. Two demented groups, mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) group and mild subcortical vascular dementia (SVD) group (all of whom had SVD due to small vessel disease), and normal aging control (NC) group participated in this study. Each group consisted of 24 participants and were matched on age, gender, and education level. Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery was administered to each participant. The findings were as follows. Demented groups (AD and SVD) performed significantly worse than NC group in most subtests of neuropsychological battery. Within the demented groups, AD group performed significantly worse than SVD group in Korean-Boston Naming Test (K-BNT), and they also showed more deficits than SVD group in recognition score of Seoul Verbal Learning Test (SVLT) and Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT). SVD group performed significantly worse than AD group in most subtests measuring frontal functions, and they also showed more deficits than AD group in Digit span test. Discriminant analysis indicated that overall percentage of correct classification was 93.1%. SVLT recognition score highly correlated with Function 1 which discriminates demented groups from NC group. Function 2 discriminates between AD group and SVD group. K-BNT was the most effective discriminant for AD group, and phonemic fluency index of Word fluency test was the most effective discriminant for SVD group. Based on the results obtained, implications and limitations of this study were discussed.

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