『암흑의 핵심』에 대한 탈식민주의 시각 읽기: 말로우와 콘라드
A Review of Post-Colonial Perspectives on Heart of Darkness: Marlow and Conrad
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Critical Reading of literary texts is increasingly complicated with a variety of views, and it is not easy to adhere to one position among different critical perspectives. The values of the same text are varied from different points of view and from changing attitudes with the times. When it was first published, Conrad’ Heart of Darkness was the most powerful statement written about imperialistic subjects. Conrad conveyed the absurdity and hypocrisy of the ‘imperial mission’ in Africa where inhumane exploitation had been committed by white men, and he has been recognised as an anti-colonial moralist. As post-colonialism, along with new imperialism, has emerged, HOD has been considered as the most important canon among post-colonial texts. However, in 1978 African writer Chinua Achebe attacked Conrad as “a bloody racist” and this novella HOD as the book reflected Western desire and need. Since then, the great flames of controversies have fired Conradian academies in both sides for and against Conrad. This paper focuses on several arguments about HOD during the past three decades. Some discussions significantly depend on the fact that they determine the link between Marlow and his creator. For example, Achebe definitely identified Marlow with Conrad, whereas Frances B. Singh assessed the two separately and was more critical of Marlow. Even as for Marlow, absolute criticism against him is not persuasive because his attitude on imperialism/Africans moves on along with the journey. Of course, Conrad as well as Marlow was not free from his cultural background, and he was a man of his times. Thus the story is somewhat self-rationalized and self-criticised as a Western white man. As a result, Conrad could not be a thorough anti-imperialist and anti-racist. Although there has been several critical arguments against Conrad, it is clear that anti-colonial/imperial issues evoked by Conrad have exerted great influences and aftermath on literary academies and the intellects more than ever before. In his time, no one showed the reality and hypocrisy of imperialism as Conrad did. Every initiation is always imperfect. The followers are responsible for its continuation, though the completion depends on time or situation. The subject of Conrad’ work still penetrates to many corners of the world where new ‘exploitations or oppressions’ called ‘new-imperialism or hegemony’ are prevalent. The darkness Conrad saw tells us something about our world, and that's why we continually discuss him.
Abstract
Critical Reading of literary texts is increasingly complicated with a variety of views, and it is not easy to adhere to one position among different critical perspectives. The values of the same text are varied from different points of view and from changing attitudes with the times. When it was first published, Conrad’ Heart of Darkness was the most powerful statement written about imperialistic subjects. Conrad conveyed the absurdity and hypocrisy of the ‘imperial mission’ in Africa where inhumane exploitation had been committed by white men, and he has been recognised as an anti-colonial moralist. As post-colonialism, along with new imperialism, has emerged, HOD has been considered as the most important canon among post-colonial texts. However, in 1978 African writer Chinua Achebe attacked Conrad as “a bloody racist” and this novella HOD as the book reflected Western desire and need. Since then, the great flames of controversies have fired Conradian academies in both sides for and against Conrad. This paper focuses on several arguments about HOD during the past three decades. Some discussions significantly depend on the fact that they determine the link between Marlow and his creator. For example, Achebe definitely identified Marlow with Conrad, whereas Frances B. Singh assessed the two separately and was more critical of Marlow. Even as for Marlow, absolute criticism against him is not persuasive because his attitude on imperialism/Africans moves on along with the journey. Of course, Conrad as well as Marlow was not free from his cultural background, and he was a man of his times. Thus the story is somewhat self-rationalized and self-criticised as a Western white man. As a result, Conrad could not be a thorough anti-imperialist and anti-racist. Although there has been several critical arguments against Conrad, it is clear that anti-colonial/imperial issues evoked by Conrad have exerted great influences and aftermath on literary academies and the intellects more than ever before. In his time, no one showed the reality and hypocrisy of imperialism as Conrad did. Every initiation is always imperfect. The followers are responsible for its continuation, though the completion depends on time or situation. The subject of Conrad’ work still penetrates to many corners of the world where new ‘exploitations or oppressions’ called ‘new-imperialism or hegemony’ are prevalent. The darkness Conrad saw tells us something about our world, and that's why we continually discuss him.
참고문헌 (23)
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