Mimicry and Subversion in Korean American Spy/Detective Novels: Chang-rae Lee’s Native Speaker and Leonard Chang’s Over the Shoulder
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David Leiwei Li argues that with the changes in the nature of the nation-state fueled by the expansion of global capitalism, Asian American literary criticism has begun to turn to the transnational and the psychoanalytic. Chang-rae Lee's Native Speaker and Leonard Chang’s Over the Shoulder are such works that demonstrate the transnational and the psychoanalytic turn of Asian American literature. These two writers create a hybrid genre by introducing a popular genre into the narrative convention of immigrant literature. This hybrid genre seeks to represent heterogeneous and complex diasporic experiences which cannot be represented within the confines of traditional ethnic literature. By introducing spy and detective characters in the novels, these writers find a way to deal with such issues as invisibility, double consciousness and their effects on identity formation. The identity that they reconfigure is not fixed but fluid and heterogeneous. They also challenge the authority of dominant discourse through the characters of ethnic intelligence workers whose mimicry is at once a "resemblance and a menace." The ethnic spies are the assimilated American who are "almost the same, but not quite." They subvert the myth of successful assimilation on the part of Asian Americans by disclosing the inhumane working hours and suffering they silently endure. They further expose the fact that the US economy is supported by exploiting the politically disenfranchised people whose citizenship are confiscated. Furthermore, they make it clear that American society is not so open to racial minorities despite its declaration of the racial and ethnic diversities. In fact, the novelists confirm the existence and constant policing of national boundaries in spite of the increasing transnational flow of people and capital. Therefore, the identities that these two writers present in the novels are diasporic and ethnic subjects at the same time.
Abstract
David Leiwei Li argues that with the changes in the nature of the nation-state fueled by the expansion of global capitalism, Asian American literary criticism has begun to turn to the transnational and the psychoanalytic. Chang-rae Lee's Native Speaker and Leonard Chang’s Over the Shoulder are such works that demonstrate the transnational and the psychoanalytic turn of Asian American literature. These two writers create a hybrid genre by introducing a popular genre into the narrative convention of immigrant literature. This hybrid genre seeks to represent heterogeneous and complex diasporic experiences which cannot be represented within the confines of traditional ethnic literature. By introducing spy and detective characters in the novels, these writers find a way to deal with such issues as invisibility, double consciousness and their effects on identity formation. The identity that they reconfigure is not fixed but fluid and heterogeneous. They also challenge the authority of dominant discourse through the characters of ethnic intelligence workers whose mimicry is at once a "resemblance and a menace." The ethnic spies are the assimilated American who are "almost the same, but not quite." They subvert the myth of successful assimilation on the part of Asian Americans by disclosing the inhumane working hours and suffering they silently endure. They further expose the fact that the US economy is supported by exploiting the politically disenfranchised people whose citizenship are confiscated. Furthermore, they make it clear that American society is not so open to racial minorities despite its declaration of the racial and ethnic diversities. In fact, the novelists confirm the existence and constant policing of national boundaries in spite of the increasing transnational flow of people and capital. Therefore, the identities that these two writers present in the novels are diasporic and ethnic subjects at the same time.
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