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직무요구 및 직무통제가 일-가정 갈등, 직무탈진 및 이직의도에 미치는 영향

The Effects of Job Demand and Job Control on Work-Family Conflict, Burnout and Turnover Intention

양동민|심덕섭
한국기업경영학회 (Korean Corporation Management Association)|2015.04|기업경영연구 (Korean Corporation Management Review)|제22권 제2호|pp. 87-108

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참고문헌

키워드

이직의도Turnover IntentionBurnout일-가정 갈등직무탈진Work-Family Conflict직무요구직무통제Job DemandJob Control
주제분류경영학

초록

최근 들어 종업원들의 직무탈진과 이직의도는 기업들이 해결해야 할 중요한 과제로 여겨지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 종업원들의 직무탈진과 이직의도를 발생시키는 요인과 과정을 설명하고 해결방안을 제시하기 위해 수행되었다. Karasek(1979)의 직무요구-통제 모델을 바탕으로 직무요구 및 직무통제와 일-가정 갈등, 직무탈진 및 이직의도 간의 관계에 대해 검증하였다. 더불어 직무통제의 조절효과 및 일-가정 갈등의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 지방 소재 8개 기업 177명의 종업원을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 실증 분석 결과, 직무요구는 일-가정 갈등에 정(+)의 유의한 영향을 주고 있는 반면, 직무통제는 일-가정 갈등에 부(-)의 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 본 연구에서 설정한 가설과 달리 직무통제는 직무요구와 일-가정 갈등간의 관계에 있어 정(+)의 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 일-가정 갈등 역시 직무탈진과 이직의도에 정(+)의 유의한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 일-가정 갈등은 직무통제와 직무탈진 간의 관계를 제외하고 본 연구에서 설정한 모든 매개가설에서 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 통해 종업원들의 직무탈진과 이직의도를 줄이기 위해서는, 적절한 업무배분, 인력 보강을 통해 과다한 직무요구 수준을 낮춰야 한다는 것을 시사해 주고 있다. 또한 다양한 가정 친화적 정책을 시행하여 일-가정 갈등 수준을 낮춰야 한다. 더불어 종업원들에게 직무에 대한 통제 및 자율성을 부여하는 것 역시 해결방안이 될 수 있음을 제시하고 있다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 연구의 한계 및 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다.

Abstract

Recently, many organizations are faced with dynamic environment and intense competition. Under these situation, employees’ burnout and turnover intention are a huge problem that organizations must solve. So this study empirically investigates the effects of job demand and job control on work-family conflict, burnout and turnover intentions, a moderating effect of job control on the relationship between job demand and work-family conflict and mediating effects of work-family conflict among job demand, job control, burnout and turnover intention. To test these relationships, we collected data via a survey on data 200 employees in 8 organizations, and after excluding unanswered questionnaires, total of 177 employees data were used for analysis. Job demand was measured by scale with 12 items used by Jackson, Wall, Martin and Davids(1993). Job control was measured by 6 items from Karasek(1979). Work-family conflict was measured by scale from Carlson, Kacmar and Williams(2000) on a 6-item scale. Burnout was measured by 4-item scale from Maslach(1982) and Maslach and Jackson(1981). Turnover intention was measured by 3-item scale from Cammann, Fichman, Jenkins and Klesh(1979). Items are rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 to 7. Multiple hierarchical regressions are used to test the proposed hypotheses. Sobel test is used to test the significance of the mediating effects of work-family conflict. Findings show that job demand is positively associated with work-family conflict, and job control is negatively associated with work-family conflict. Job control has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between job demand and work-family conflict contrary to the hypothesis. The results also show that work-family conflict positively relates to burnout and turnover intention. Furthermore work-family conflict has mediating effects on the relationship the job demand-control and employees’ attitude. These results indicate that job demand, control and work-family conflict are major factors for reducing employees’ burnout and turnover intention. Organizations should reduce employees' excessive task by allocating moderate task, hiring additional employees. Also organization should carry out various family-friendly policies and provide work-family balance to employees. In addition, organizations should give autonomy and empowerment on the employees. We expect that organizations can reduce employees’ burnout and turnover intention through these ways. Given the small number of samples, this study constitutes an exploratory attempt in nature. Caution must be exercised in attempting to interpret findings and to generalize the recommendations. The results proposed in this study must be validated by further research in diverse research settings. Especially, future research should consider various sample which have different workload. The results of this study are also limited by its cross-sectional design and by the use of a single method of data collection. Longitudinal and experimental designs are needed to uncover the dynamic relationships among job demand, job control, burnout and turnover intention. Additionally, for a comprehensive model of this research, future research must consider other variables that might reflect a more complex process than is depicted in our model.

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