본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

조직구성원의 성격 특성이 직무만족과 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향: 행복의 매개효과를 중심으로

The Effect of Organizational Member’s Characteristics on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Mediating Role of Happiness

0

조회

0

다운로드

62

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 Big 5 성격 특성의 하위요인들인 개방성, 성실성, 외향성, 순응성 및 신경증이 조직성과변수인 직무만족, 조직시민행동 각각의 관계에서 구성원들의 행복이 어떤 역할을 하는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 이는 지금까지 많은 연구자들이 성격 특성과 관련된 연구에서 서로 상이한 결과를 나타내고 있는 것에 대해 최근 연구자들은 이들의 관계에서 직접적이지 않고 간접적이거나 다른 변수들에 의해 매개 또는 조절될 것이라는 가능성에 기반을 둔 것이다. 특히 본 연구에서는 긍정심리학자들이 제시하는 주요 변인들 중 하나인 행복이 인간 개인의 생활 뿐 아니라 조직차원에서의 성과향상에 기여할 가능성이 높다고 판단하였다. 연구수행을 위해 설문은 2013년 4월 1일부터 4월 18일까지 총 155부의 설문을 배포하고 152부의 설문을 회수하였으며, 이중 불성실한 응답을 한 2부의 설문을 제외한 150부의 설문을 분석에 활용하였다. 성격 특성의 하위요인들과 직무만족, 조직시민행동 각각에 대해 행복이 매개할 것이라는 가설을 수립하여 검증한 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 직접효과 분석 결과 지금까지의 연구와 비슷하게 개방성과 외향성이 행복에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었으며, 신경증은 행복에 부(+)의 영향이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 두 번째, 성격 특성의 하위요인들과 직무만족, 조직시민행동 각각에 대해 행복의 매개효과 검증 결과 개방성과 직무만족, 조직시민행동 각각에 대해 행복이 모두 완전 매개하였으며, 외향성과 직무만족, 신경증과 직무만족에 대해서도 행복은 완전 매개하는 것으로 확인되었다. 다만 외향성과 조직시민행동에 있어서는 행복이 부분 매개하며, 신경증과 조직시민행동 간에 있어서는 행복의 매개효과가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 이런 결과는 외향성과 조직시민행동 간을 제외하고는 지금까지 성격 특성이 조직성과에 영향을 미친다는 기존의 연구에 대해 성격 특성이 아닌 행복이라는 다른 요인의 영향이 크다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구의 결과는 기업의 성과 극대화를 위해서는 먼저, 채용단계에 있어서 외향성과 개방성이 높은 구성원을 선택하는 것이 바람직하다는 것을 시사하고 있다. 또한 기업의 입장에서는 행복에 대한 새로운 정의와 구성원들의 행복추구를 위한 다양한 전략을 수립해야 할 것이다. 연구의 한계점은 말미에 제시하였다.

Abstract

In a radically changing corporate environment, corporations are trying to acknowledge the importance of group members and change the organizational environment often in order to let their behaviors evolve in order to accomplish corporate goal and reap higher results. To achieve higher competitiveness, organizational member’s individual characteristics must be thoroughly evaluated. Characteristic is a thought process developed from various experiences that one’s gone through and mode of emotions and actions that distinguish a person from another. Normally, characteristic is comparatively more stabilized than attitude or values, and is known as an attribute of consistency. This is why many researchers based their studies on the relationship between organizational members’ characteristics and accomplishments. Many reports have been announced that characteristic is a stable predictor of the level of accomplishment. However, characteristics only measure up a portioned section of factors of accomplishments, and characteristics’ lower dimensions other than honesty had somewhat different results as factors. Scholars who are studying characteristics suggest that factors existing between the relationship of individual and organizational effectiveness and accomplishment may have been indirectly adjusted by other factors. Therefore, this research attempted to observe the role of the organizational members ‘happiness in relationship between big 5 characteristics’ sub-factors like openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, adaptability and neuroticism and organizational result variables such as job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. The research concluded that happiness, which the positive psychologists suggested as one of the main factors, does not only improve a person’s individual life but also positively influence groupe/ corporate circumstances. The reason for it is because corporations traditionally focused on the elimination of negative factors or stimulating members into enthusiasm but redirecting themselves and finding out how individual members’ happiness affect organizational accomplishment would give them the competitive edge of being able to formulate new strategies. First of all, observing direct effect, openness and extraversion are confirmed as positive influences toward happiness where as neuroticism has negative correlation with happiness. However, conscientiousness showed to be marginally significant and adaptability was not marginally significant statistically. Results as such is related to the viewpoint of the positive psychologists. Specifically, in a research of characteristics of happy people, happy people are voluntary, express enthusiastic curiosity, try to make more friendships, think and act optimistically, strong under stress, live healthier lifestyles and these all suggest that extraversion and openness are important factors to live in such a manner. Secondly, characteristics’ sub-factors, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior were tested for mediating effects. Tests confirmed that happiness is a full mediation variable for openness, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior, and same for extraversion and job satisfaction, neuroticism and job satisfaction as well. However, happiness only partially mediates extraversion and organizational citizenship behavior and mediator effect does not take place in between neuroticism and organizational citizenship behavior. This result confirms, as opposed to researches that stated characteristics effect organizational achievement excluding extraversion and organizational citizenship behavior, that happiness is another substantial factor. The result suggests that in order for corporations to maximize achievement, corporations should seek members with high levels of openness and extraversion. Furthermore, corporations should strive to find a new definition for happiness and develop numerous strategies for members’ pursuit of happiness. Limitation of research is suggested in the end. Therefore, in order for corporations to maximize achievement they should not only dwell on the hiring stage but actively seek improvement in the working environment. First of all, corporations should seek members with high levels of openness and extraversion. Someone with extraversion express his or her feelings well and enjoy making new relationships which will help increase individual happiness as opposed to someone with a trait of neuroticism, who will likely to be depressed and easily angered. People with openness will offer creativeness, rich culture and curiosity, which will arouse their happiness. Furthermore, corporations should strive to find a new definition for happiness and develop numerous strategies for members’ pursuit of happiness. Because extraversion and organizational citizenship behavior which are only partially mediated, all other factors are confirmed to be very important factors. Therefore, corporation should look for many different ways to improve the organizational member’s happiness level and reach organizational accomplishment through it. Especially, researching people’s strength and optimistic traits to improve individual, organizational, societal happiness via study of positive psychology and applying it to other educational, training and welfare systems would benefit all significantly.

참고문헌 (106)

  1. 구본용, "성격 및 환경요인과 행복과의 관계", 상담학연구, 6(1), pp.1~9 (2005), 한국상담학회
  2. 국승희, "정신분열병 환자에서 성격의 5요인 모델과 주관적 삶의 질의 관계", 한국심리학회지 임상, 23(4), pp.983~998 (2004), 한국임상심리학회
  3. 권석만, "심리학의 관점에서 본 욕망과 행복의 관계", 철학사상, 36(36), pp.121~152 (2010), 철학사상연구소
  4. 김옥경, "호텔기업의 서비스지향성에 관한 연구", 관광정보연구, 12, pp.39~64 (2002), 한국관광정보학회
  5. 김완석, "주관적 안녕 척도", 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 3(1), pp.61~81 (1997), 한국심리학회
  6. 민병모, "5요인을 통해 본 한국기업 중간 관리자들의 성격 특성", 한국산업 및 조직심리학회 추계 학술대회 발표논문집, pp.19~28 (1998)
  7. 민병모, "NEO 인성검사 및 요강" (1995), PSL컨설팅
  8. 박미선, "성격유형에 따른 감성지능, 심리적 웰빙, 직무성과 간의 인과관계 연구 : 서울지역 특급호텔 종사원을 대상으로", 박사, 호텔관광학, pp.2011
  9. 朴世暎, "형평구성요인, 직무만족 및 전직의사간의 관계", 박사, 심리학, pp.1994
  10. 박일경, "5요인 성격특성과 학업 소진과의 관계", 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격, 24(1), pp.81~93 (2010), 한국사회및성격심리학회
  11. 배성희, "보육교사의 행복이 교사의 효능감과 직무만족도에 미치는 영향", 부산교육학연구, 22, pp.25~44 (2009), 한국교육학회 부산지회
  12. 서경현, "성격과 주관적 웰빙 간의 관계: Big 5 성격요인과 BAS", BIS를 중심으로, 2009, pp.15(1), 169~186[DOI]
  13. 오현숙, "대학생이 지각하는 취업전망, 영역별 삶의 목표 및 삶의 만족도의 관계", 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제, 14(4), pp.19~37 (2008), 한국문화및사회문제심리학회
  14. 오종철, "창의적 리더십이 심리적 임파워먼트와 직무만족 및 구성원의 혁신행동에 미치는 영향 -서비스기업을 중심으로-", 기업경영연구, 17(4), pp.131~148 (2010), 한국기업경영학회
  15. 우문식, "행복의 관점과 인구 통계적 차이에 관한 연구", 사회복지연구, 28 (2012), 안양대학교
  16. 유태용, "5요인 성격검사의 개발 및 타당화 연구", 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 10(1), pp.85~102 (1997), 한국심리학회
  17. 유태용, "다양한 장면에서 수행을 예측하기 위한 5요인 성격 모델의 사용가능성과 한계: 국내 연구결과의 통합분석", 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 14(2), pp.115~134 (2001), 한국심리학회
  18. 유태용, "다양한 직군에서의 성격의 5요인과 직무수행간의 관계", 기업경영연구, 5, pp.69~94 (1997), 한국기업경영학회
  19. 유희정, "노인의 성격 특성이 주관적 행복감에 미치는 영향: 외-내향성과 신경증적 경향성을 중심으로", 한국심리학회지: 임상, 6(1), pp.1~8 (1987), 한국임상심리학회
  20. 윤성민, "행복증진을 위한 개입 활동들의 효과에 영향을 미치는 성격 5요인의 역할 탐색", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 25(2), pp.275~308 (2013), 한국상담심리학회
  21. 이경민, "유아교사의 행복, 강점, 직무만족의 관련성 탐색 연구", 유아교육연구, 29(3), pp.215~235 (2009), 한국유아교육학회
  22. Hoggard, L., "영국 BBC 다큐멘터리 행복: 행복 전문가 6인이 밝히는 행복의 심리학(How to be Happy)" (2006), 예담
  23. 이의준, "프랜차이즈에서 리더십스타일의 선행요인과 성과요인에 관한 연구", 박사, 기술전략, pp.2010
  24. 이정실, "개인성격이 직무만족에 미치는 영향에서의 정규직과 비정규직의 조절효과 -특급호텔을 중심으로-", 관광연구저널, 22(4), pp.117~133 (2008), 한국관광연구학회
  25. 이유진, "성격유형과 신입사원 선발결과간의 관계분석에 관한 실증연구", 기업경영연구, 12(2), pp.121~135 (2005), 한국기업경영학회
  26. 장휘숙, "한국 노인의 주관적 건강과 성격특성, 행복 및 죽음태도의 관계", 한국심리학회지: 발달, 22(2), pp.23~40 (2009), 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회
  27. 장휘숙, "청년기 발달과업 성취가 청소년의 5요인 성격특성과 자기존중감 및 행복에 미치는 영향", 한국심리학회지: 발달, 23(2), pp.1~17 (2010), 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회
  28. 전영상, "여행업 고객접점 종사원의 성격특질이 고객지향성 및 직무만족과 고객성과에 미치는 영향", 관광연구, 26(1), pp.351~369 (2011), 대한관광경영학회
  29. 차경호, "대학생들의 주관적 안녕감과 개인중심주의-집단중심주의 성향과의 관계", 한국청소년연구, 30, pp.193~216 (1999), 한국청소년정책연구원
  30. 채서일, "사회과학조사방법론" (1997), 학현사
  31. 홍계훈, "다수준 분석을 통한 부하직원의 Big5 성격과 리더의 변혁적 리더십 간의 관계에 대한 연구: 보육교사를 대상으로", 2013 한국인사조직학회 춘계학술대회 논문집 (2013)
  32. Allport, G. W., "Pattern and Growth in Personality" (1961), Holt, Rinehart and Winston
  33. Anderson, C., "Who Attains Social Status? Effects of Personality and Physical Attractiveness in Social Groups", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, pp.116~132 (2001)
  34. Andrew, F. M., "Social Indicators of Well-being" (1976), Plenum Press
  35. Barnard, C. I., "The Functions of the Executive" (1938), Harvard University Press
  36. Baron, R. M., "The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic., & Statistical Considerations", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, pp.1173~1182 (1986)
  37. Barrick, M. R., "The Big Five Personality Dimensions and Job Performance : A Meta-Analysis", Personnel Psychology, 44(1), pp.1~26 (1991)
  38. Barrick, M. R., "Autonomy as a Moderator of the Relationships between the Big Five Personality Dimensions and Job Performance", Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, pp.111~118 (1993)
  39. Barrick, M. R., "Personality and Job Performance : Test of the Mediating Effects of Motivation among Sales Representatives", Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), pp.43~51 (2002)
  40. Belsky, J., "Intergenerational Relationships in Young Adulthood and Their Life Course, Mental Health., & Personality Correlates", Journal of Family Psychology, 17(4), pp.460~471 (2003)
  41. Bateman, T. S., "Job Satisfaction and the Good Soldier : The Relationship between Affect and Employee Citizenship", Academy of Management Journal, 26(4), pp.587~595 (1983)
  42. Brief, A. P., "Prosocial Organizational Behaviors", Academy of Management Review, 11(4), pp.710~725 (1986)
  43. Brown, R., "Against My Better Judgement: An Intimate Memoir of an Eminent Gay Psychologist" (1996), Harrington Park
  44. Brown, S. P., "Antecedents and Consequences of Salesperson Job Satisfaction: Meta-Analysis and Assessment of Causal Effects", Journal of Marketing Research, 30, pp.63~77 (1993)
  45. Buss, A. H., "Personality as Traits", American Psychologist, 44, pp.1378~1388 (1989)
  46. Campbell, A., "The Quality of American Life" (1976), Russell Sage Foundation
  47. Cattell, R. B., "Fluctuation of Sentiments and Attitudes as a Measure of Character Integration and Temperament", American Journal of Psychology, 56, pp.559~594 (1943)
  48. Coleman, V. I., "Investigating the Underlying Structure of the Citizenship Performance Domain", Human Resource Management Review, 10, pp.25~44 (2000)
  49. Costa, P. T. Jr., "Revised NEO Personality Inventory(NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory(NEO-FFI) Professional Manual" (1992), Psychological Assessment Resources
  50. Cropanzano, R., "Dispositional Affectivity as a Predictor of Work Attitudes and Job Performance", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, pp.595~606 (1993)
  51. Csikszentmihalyi, M., "Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience" (1990), Haper and Row
  52. Csikszentmihalyi, M., "Living Well: The Psychology of Everyday Life" (1997), Weidenfeld and Nicholson
  53. Danner, D. D., "Positive Emotions in Early Life and Longevity : Findings from the Nun Study", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30, pp.804~813 (2001)
  54. DeNeve, K. M., "The Happy Personality : a Meta-Analysis of 137 Personality Traits and Subjective Well-being", Psychological Bulletin, 124, pp.197~229 (1998)
  55. Dewer, R., "Universalistic and Contingency Predictions of Employee Satisfaction and Conflict", American Satisfaction Quarterly, 24(1), pp.427~433 (1979)
  56. Diener, E., "Subjective Well-being", Psychological Bulletin, 95, pp.542~575 (1984)
  57. Diener, E., "Personality and Subjective Well-being, In Well-being: The Foundation of Hedonic Psychology", pp.213~229 (1999), MIT Press
  58. Diener, E., "Very Happy People", Psychological Reports, 13, pp.81~84 (2002)
  59. Diener, E., "The Satisfaction with Life Scale", The Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, pp.71~75 (1985)
  60. Eastburg, M. C., "Social Support, Personality and Burnout in Nurses", Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24(14), pp.1233~1251 (1994)
  61. Eysenck, H. J., "Dimensions of Personality" (1947), Routledge and Kegan Paul
  62. Fredrickson, B. L., "Positive Emotions, In Handbook of Positive Psychology", pp.120~134 (2002), Oxford University Press
  63. Goldberg, I. R., "The Development of Markers for the Big-Five Factor Structure", Psychological Assessment, 4, pp.26~42 (1992)
  64. Hellman, C. M., "Job Satisfaction an Intent to Leave", The Journal of Social Psychology, 17, pp.755~783 (1997)
  65. Hodgetts, R. M., "Modern Human Relations at Work" (1984), The Dryden Press
  66. Hogan, R. T., "A Socioanalytic Theory of Personality, In Nebraska Symposium on Motivation", pp.56~89 (1981), University of Nebraska Press
  67. Hough, L. M., "The Big Five Personality Variables Construct Confusion : Description versus Prediction", Human Performance, 5, pp.139~155 (1992)
  68. Hough, L, M., "Criterion-Related Validities of Personality Constructs and the Effect of Response Distortion on Those Validities", Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(5), pp.581~595 (1990)
  69. Huebner, E. S., "Burnout in School Psychology : The Contribution of Personality Characteristics and Role Expectations", Special Services in the School, 8, pp.53~68 (1994)
  70. Hurtz, G. M., "Personality and Job Performance : The Big Five Revisited", Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(6), pp.869~879 (2000)
  71. Ivancevich, J. M., "Organizational Behavior Management" (2002), McGraw-Hill
  72. Jung, C. G., "Psychological Type" (1976), Princeton Univ. Press
  73. Katz, D., "The Motivational Basis of Organizational Behavior", Behavioral Science, 9, pp.131~133 (1964)
  74. Kraut, R. E., "Social and Emotional Messages of Smiling : An Ethological Approach", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, pp.1539~1553 (1979)
  75. Locke, E. A., "The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction, In Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology", pp.1297~1349 (1976), Rand McNally
  76. Mackenzie, S. B., "The Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Evaluations of Salesperson Performance", Journal of Marketing, 57(1), pp.70~80 (1993)
  77. McCormick, E. J., "Industrial Psychology" (1974), Prentice-Hall Inc
  78. McCrae, R. R., "Adding Liebeund arbeit : The Full Five-factor Model and Well-Being", Personality Psychology Bulletin, 17, pp.227~232 (1991)
  79. McCrae, R. R., "The Stability of Personality : Observations and Evaluations", Current Directions in Psychological Science, 3, pp.173~175 (1994)
  80. Nunnally, J. C., "Introduction to Psychological Measurement" (1978), McGraw-Hill
  81. O’Connell, M. S., "Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Mexican Retail Salespeople", International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 9(3), pp.272~280 (2001)
  82. Organ, D. W., "A Restatement of the Satisfaction-Performance Hypothesis", Journal of Management, 14(4), pp.547~557 (1988)
  83. Organ, D. W., "Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome" (1988), Lexington Books
  84. Pavot, W., "Extraversion an Happiness", Personality and Individual Differences, 11, pp.1299~1306 (1990)
  85. Pervin, L. A., "Personality: Theory and Research" (1996), John Wiley and Sons
  86. Phares, E. J., "Instruction to Personality" (1984), Charles E. Merrill
  87. Podsakoff, P. M., "Organizational Citizenship Behavior : A Critical Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for Future Research", Journal of Management, 26(3), pp.513~563 (2000)
  88. Ryan, R. M., "On Happiness and Human Potentials : A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-being", Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), pp.141~166 (2001)
  89. Ryff, C. D., "Happiness is Everything or is It? Exploration on the Meaning of Psychological Well-being", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, pp.1069~1081 (1989)
  90. Salgado, J. F., "The Five Factor Model of Personality and Job Performance in the European Community", Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, pp.30~43 (1997)
  91. Scarpello, V., "Job Satisfaction : Are All the Parts There", Personnel Psychology, 36(3), pp.577~600 (1983)
  92. Scheier, M., "Dispositional Optimism and Physical Well-being", Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, pp.603~619 (1987)
  93. Scheier, M., "Effects of Optimism on Psychological and Physical Well-being : Theoretical Overview and Empirical Update", Cognitive and Research, 16, pp.201~228 (1992)
  94. Schneider, B., "The People Make the Place", Personal Psychology, 40, pp.437~453 (1987)
  95. Seligman, M. E. P., "Authentic Happiness" (2002), Free Press
  96. Silva, P., "Effects of Disposition on Hospitality Employee Job Satisfaction and Commitment", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 18(4), pp.317~328 (2006)
  97. Smith, C. A., "Organizational Citizenship Behavior : Its Nature and Antecedents", Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, pp.653~663 (1983)
  98. Smith, P. C., "The Measurement of Satisfaction in Work and Retirement" (1979), Rand McNally College Publishing Co
  99. Steers, R. M., "Introduction to Organizational Behavior" (1991), Harper Collins Publishers
  100. Stewart, G. L., "Reward Structure as a Moderator of the Relationship between Extraversion and Sales Performance", Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(6), pp.619~627 (1996)
  101. Sullivan, H. S., "The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry" (1953), Norton
  102. Tett, R. P., "Personality Measures as Predictors of Job Performance : A Meta-Analytic Review", Personnel Psychology, 44(4), pp.703~742 (1991)
  103. Van Dyne, L., "Organizational Citizenship Behavior : Construct Redefinition, Measurement and Validation", Academy of Management Journal, 3(4), pp.765~802 (1994)
  104. Vecchio, R. P., "Leadership and Gender Advantage", The Leadership Quarterly, 13(2), pp.643~671 (2002)
  105. Williams, L. J., "Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship and In-role Behaviors", Journal of Management, 17, pp.601~617 (1991)
  106. Zellars, K. L., "Burnout in Health Care : The Role of the Five Factors of Personality", Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(8), pp.1570~1598 (2000)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (15건)