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변혁적 리더십이 팀･개인 효과성에 미치는 영향에 관한 다수준 분석: 팀･개인 창의성의 매개 효과를 중심으로

Multi-Level Analysis of Transformational Leadership, and Team & Individual Effectiveness: With focus on Mediated Effect of a Team & Individual Creativity

윤필현|박동호
한국기업경영학회 (Korean Corporation Management Association)|2015.12|기업경영연구 (Korean Corporation Management Review)|제22권 제6호|pp. 127-149

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변혁적 리더십Transformational Leadership다수준 분석Social Cognitive Theory사회인지이론Multi-Level Analysis팀･개인효과성팀･개인 창의성Team & Individual EffectivenessTeam & Individual Creativity
주제분류경영학

초록

근래에 조직 행동 분야에서 팀과 개인의 효과성 증진 과정에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 창의성은 효과성에 영향을 미치는 주요 변수로 다루어지고 있다. 하지만 창의성을 통해 팀과 개인의 효과성을 증진하는 과정 탐색의 연구는 아직 부족한 실정이다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 사회인지이론 관점에서 팀 구성원들이 팀장의 리더십을 인지하고, 그 결과로 팀과 개인수준에서 형성되는 창의성이 효과성에 영향을 미치는 매개적 효과를 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 팀 수준에서 인지된 팀장의 변혁적 리더십이 개인 효과성에 영향을 미치는 관계에서 개인 창의성의 부분 매개 효과가 정(+)의 방향으로 유의하게 나타났다. 둘째, 팀이 인지한 변혁적 리더십과 팀 효과성 간의 관계에서 팀 창의성은 매개적 효과가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구의 결과가 지니는 의미는 변혁적 리더십이 개인 효과성에 영향을 미치는 관계에서, 개인 창의성이 갖는 매개적 효과를 사회인지이론의 근거로 다수준 분석방법을 통해서 실증하였고, 팀 수준에서 인지된 변혁적 리더십이 개인 창의성을 통해 개인 효과성에 영향을 미치는 하향식(top-down) 프로세스를 검증하였다는 점이다. 향후 후속연구로서 팀 수준에서는 변혁적 리더십, 팀 창의성과 팀 효과성을 연결하거나 조정할 수 있는 변인에 대한 후속 연구가 필요하다.

Abstract

In recent times, the research aiming at exploring the process of a team & individual’s effectiveness enhancement in the organizational behavior field is in active progress, in which creativity is handled as a major variable having an influence on effectiveness. However reality is that the research which explores the process of a team & individual’s effectiveness improvement through creativity is still in an insufficient state. Accordingly, this study looked into the mediated effect of creativity, which forms at a level of a team and an individual as a result of team members’ cognition of a team leader’s leadership in terms of social cognitive theory, on effectiveness. This study results are summarized as follows: First, this study could confirm the significant partial mediated effect of individual creativity in the relations between transformational leadership cognized at a level of a team and individual effectiveness. Individual creativity has significant mediating effects (partial mediation) on the relationship between transformational leadership and individual effectiveness perceived by individuals at the team level. The findings verify the following. First, the sub-variables of transformational leadership(inspirational motivation, consideration for individuals, intellectual stimulation) mainly focus on the relationship between a leader and individuals. The fact that transformational leadership, which influences the sub-variables, enhances individual effectiveness by affecting the creativity of individuals has been verified. Second, team creativity has no mediating effects on the relationship between perceived transformational leadership perceived at a team level and the team effectiveness. It implies that transformational leadership is a prerequisite to enhancing team creativity and team effectiveness. Also, team creativity can serve as a prerequisite that affects team effectiveness. However, there is a limited mechanism among all the variables. Thus, the effects of transformational leadership and team creativity should be distinguished in enhancing the effectiveness at the team level. Also the following analysis and debate should be needed for the role of transformational leadership as the preceding variable. This study is significant in that it proves the effects of transformational leadership as a team-level variable affecting the individual-level variables. The findings are significant for the following reasons. First, the influence of transformational leadership on individual effectiveness was verified through a multi-level analysis. It can identify the mediating effects of individual creativity on the relevance of variables measured at different levels based on social cognitive theory. Second, this study proves the top-down process where transformational leadership perceived at a team level affects individual effectiveness through individual creativity. There is a need to carry out the following analysis regarding variables that can make the mediation or connection with transformational leadership, team creativity and team effectiveness at a team level. Also, the effects of creativity can be more clearly analyzed provided that more studies about individual & team creativity and effectiveness are proceeded. It is because the aim of enhancing creativity is the effectiveness including fruits. In particular, it would be more specific analysis of the effect on transformational leadership.

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