기부보상물 vs. 자선단체제품 : 자선단체가 제공하는 제품의 특성과 기부수혜자의 특성을 중심으로
Donation with a Gift vs. Charitable Purchases : Focusing on Product and Beneficiary Characteristics
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초록
자선단체들은 개인 기부자의 기부를 증진시키기 위해 다양한 방법을 사용하고 있다. 현재 많이 사용하고 있는 방법 중 하나는 기부에 대한 보상으로 선물을 증정하거나 자선단체에서 제작한 제품을 판매하여 판매 수익금을 기부하는 방법이다. 이 두 방법은 기부자의 입장에서 기부도 하고 제품도 소유하게 되기 때문에 비슷해 보일 수 있지만 사실 맥락이 매우 다르다. 기부보상물은 기부 행위에 대한 보상으로 제품을 선물받는 것이고 자선단체제품 구매는 구매행위에 자선행위가 덧붙여진 것이다. 그런 의미에서 본 연구에서는 두 기부 형태 각각에 적합한 제품 특징과 기부 상황을 밝혀내고자 하였다. 구체적으로 기부에 연결되어 있는 제품이 가지고 있는 쾌락적/실용적 특징과 공적/사적 특징이 기부(구매)의도에 어떻게 다르게 영향을 미치는지 또한 기부수혜 자가 외집단인지 내집단인지에 따라서는 어떻게 달라지는지를 알아보았다. 연구 결과 기부보상물의 경우 제품 유형이 기부의도에 영향을 미치지 않았으나 자선단체제품의 경우 쾌락적, 공적 제품에 대한 구매의도가 실용적, 사적 제품에 대한 구매의도보다 높게 형성되었다. 또한 자선단체제품의 경우 기부수혜자 유형과 제품유형 사이의 상호작용 효과도 존재하였다. 구체적으로 기부수혜자가 내집단인 경우 외집단인 경우보다 쾌락적 제품에 대한 구매의도가 높았고 수혜자가 외집단인 경우 사적제품보다는 공적 제품에 대한 구매의도가 높아졌다. 이러한 결과는 학문적 시사점 뿐만 아니라 제품 제공을 통해 기부를 유도하고자 하는 자선단체에게도 전략적 시사점을 제시해줄 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.
Abstract
Charitable organizations employ diverse strategies to attract individual donors. One of the strategies they use is combination of products with donation. The combination can be either giving gifts to donation(donation with a gift) or donation through the purchase of a product(charitable purchases). These two types are similar in the sense that consumers can donate and have a product at the same time but consumers have very different perceptions since they have very different reference points. Donation with a gift is basically donation and consumers regard it as “other instances of donation” while charitable purchases are an economic act combined with donation and consumers regard them as “other instances of product purchases.” will bring different effects. The present study focuses on product characteristics donors/ consumers will possess as a result of donation or purchases. Specifically, it is expected that hedonic/utilitarian and public/private product characteristics are expected to influence donation and purchases intention differently. Also, beneficiaries of the donation(whether they are in-group or out-group) are expected to influence the donation/purchase intentions. The study revealed that product type did not influence donors’ intention to donate in case of donation with a gift. However, consumers had higher purchase intention for hedonic and public products when they make charitable purchases. Also interaction effects between beneficiary and product types have been found for charitable purchases. In-group beneficiaries increased purchase intention more than out-group beneficiaries when consumers make a charitable purchase of hedonic products and out-group beneficiaries increased purchase intention more than in-group beneficiaries when consumers make a purchase of public products.
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