士林派 文人의 類型과 隱求型 士林의 戰爭體驗 － 南冥學派의 경우를 중심으로 －

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is not only to categorize Sarim (Neo-Confucian literati) especially noticing the rural members of the Nammyeong School but to clarify their experience in the Japanese Invasions and academic reaction to it as well. Sarim was divided into several types as they with Kim Jong-Jik (1431-1492) as the central figure made their appearance in the central government. Sarim can be categorized into three different types; scholar-bureaucrats engaging in politics, rural scholars pursuing Confucian truth, scholars accepting flexibly Taoistic and Buddhist philosophy on the basis of Neo-Confucianism. The Nammyeong School also underwent internal division. The rural literati of the Nammyeong School had opened their eyes to a new reality that the wars brought about. There are several such common attitudes in their literary works as severe criticism on reality, rejection of governmental positions and determination to live in rural retirement, attempts to correct the order of their hometown with their intense devotion to teaching students. All these indicate a change in the nature of rural Sarim. From the literary history view, rural Sarim of the Nammyeong School delved into poetry by Tu Fu since the wars. It means that Sarims interest in the poetry of the Sung dynasty which had developed along with Neo-Confucianism since the war led to an interest in the poetry of the Tang Dynasty, especially the realistic poetic spirit of Tu Fu(杜甫), which was transmitted to Sarim literati in general later. Also, nonfiction literature which realistically described the misery of the wars took a new turn since then, dealing with more diverse issues, such as the restoration of rural village order, for instance, as its subject matters. It is no doubt that these Sarim members keep a certain distance from their predecessors who conceived ethos as the primary subject of aesthetics.