우암 송시열의 서예와 비평의식

Abstract

In the 17th century, Joseon calligraphy was deepened in terms of calligraphic idea based on Study of SungRi. The calligraphic field of that time was prevailed by SeokBongChe (石峯體: Han Seok Bong's Letter-Writing Style) that had been popular since the 16th century. Many scholars of NoRon sector also used such SeokBongChe, which was traced on the letters written by Uam and Dongchun. In addition, AhnJinGyeongChe (顔眞卿體: Ahn Jin Gyeong's Letter-Writing Style) and JuJaChe (朱子體: Ju Ja's Letter-Writing Style) were also reflected in Uam's calligraphy because they symbolized faith and moral sense respectively. Uam's idea of letter-writing succeeded Ju Ja's recognition of letter-writing and painting and became his standard for criticism on letter-writing and painting. He made a big effort to follow Ju Ja in every aspect and such his effort was reflected in his calligraphy as it was. Uam's idea of letter-writing was based on Ju Ja's idea. However, it was not the 1st phase succession of simply learning Ju Ja's letter-writing style but the 2nd phase succession of accepting and realizing the spirit of moral sense dwelling in Ju Ja's idea. Ju Ja's study and idea were recognized by Uam as a genuine idea, so that he tried to inherit Ju Ja's idea as Idea of Jik (直思想: Idea of Right Mind) and ChunChuDaeEui (春秋大義: A Great Moral Sense to show Just and Great Cause). These ideas were reflected in Uam's idea of letter-writing, based on which he criticized the letter-writing and painting. Uam believed that there was relation between calligraphy and moral character of a person. His belief was succeeded from Ju Ja's viewpoint. However, Uam upgraded such Ju Ja's viewpoint to emphasis on SimHoik (心劃: Mindful Stroke). He, furthermore, emphasized that you should see SimBeop (心法: Principle of Using Mind) beyond SimHoik; emphasized AeIn (愛人) of loving the writer's mind beyond AeSeo (愛書) of loving only letter; and emphasized AeDo (愛道) of loving Do (道: justice) beyond AeIn. As a result, he emphasized that you should see the letter based on Do (道: justice). In conclusion, this study on Uam's calligraphy and criticism indicates that he wrote letters in the letter-writing styles of Ahn Jin Gyeong and Han Seok Bong and engraved King HyoJong's letters and King Ming's letters in his mind to form the center of idea, moral sense, art and politics and then build up hegemony of that period through his internal will.