공자의 효사상을 계승한 율곡의 효철학의 이론체계(1)

Abstract

Yulgok(Yi I:1536‐1584) was the man of filial piety of the era with the title of “man of filial piety from cradle”. Throughout his life, he maintained the status of man of filial piety and his thought of filial piety was well established. Although almost all Neo‐Confucian scholars of Joseon mentioned the subject of filial piety, Yulgok was the one who established the thought of filial piety. The study of filial piety was a national education and it was sufficient enough to be a scholarly subject. With Toegye, Yulgok brought the Joseon’s Neo‐Confucianism at its peak since Sung Dynasty based on the study of filial piety. Confucius, an ‘Eastern Barbarian’, was the one who developed Confucianism from the Korean traditional ancient thoughts of religious studies. Confucius provided Six Scriptures of Confucianism based on ancient Chinese kingdoms including Chou Dynasty. The essence of the scriptures is the ideas of benevolence and filial piety. During the Three Kingdoms period, Confucianism returned to Korea with Five Scriptures of Confucianism and Confucius ideas of benevolence and filial piety were well established and the study of filial piety secured it status strong. At the end of Goryeo Dynasty Neo‐Confucianism was introduced to Korea with the emphasis on the study of Four Books of Confucianism. Since then, neo‐Confucianism became the “spirit of Korea.”Yulgok published Seonghakjipyo to make Seonjo a philosopher king as a way to fulfill his duty as a loyal government official. In the chapter of Standard Family, Yulgok consider the filial piety and respect as the philosophy for the king’s political ideology. The influence of the Western thought resulted in the collapse of traditional thought and it caused the destruction of traditional humanity. This is why the philosophy of filial piety is necessary for the contemporary politics without philosophy.