조선 전·중기 역장(逆葬)에 대한 풍수관 연구 - 율곡 가족 묘역을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This paper is to demonstrate from the viewpoint of feng shui about‘Upside-Down Funeral’which has been taboo in our society. Funeral culture in which Confucianism has been embedded in the Joseon Dynasty period since the 17th century has been disseminated to the base of the social scale as a ritualized form of filial piety thoughts. Under the influence of this culture, aversion to so-called the upside-down funeral that a family descendant burial ground was located in the higher(upper) place of a family ancestral burial ground would appear consistently to this day. On the other hand, conventional wisdom has it that people consider as the upside-down funeral about the spatial placement of a few tombs which created with noble families as the central figure in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty. Therefore it is necessary to review thoroughly the parts which have conflicting understanding between a viewpoint of Confucian morality and the viewpoint of feng shui. This study tried to find efficient change of funeral culture in spatial placement of family tombs within a limited area at the present time to the ultimate. The term called the upside-down funeral has been interpreted and handed down in a sense which emphasizes only the character of place. As mentioned briefly earlier, the sense of the upside-down funeral can vary when it is interpreted from the perspective of feng shui. The concept of the upside-down funeral which the general public are apt to understand usually at present means that the tomb of later generation is located higher than that of earlier generation by focussing on the phase relation of place. Even in the perspective of feng shui, the case that the grave of descendant is located at higher ground than that of ancestors might be naturally considered as the upside-down funeral. However by applying Korean traditional feng shui, new concept of the upside-down funeral needs to be set up. In other words, the upside-down funeral can be considered a kind of funeral cultures which was conducted by understanding both a viewpoint of Confucian morality and the viewpoint of feng shui. The ‘upside-down’ which has generally been recognized contains the contents of objection against past customs or handed-down things. That ‘upside-down’ was combined with funeral culture and so the concept of the upside-down funeral was formed and lasted to modern society. Namely the upside-down funeral includes an act of reversing which passes over or sticks up to the traditions of the past and the term upside-down funeral itself emphasizes only the sense of place while the general public are not very interested in the meaning of itself. In addition, the upside-down funeral is able to be intuitionally accepted as an act of treachery against family hierarchy. But it seems that only if we examine usage examples of‘adverse’is the bier funeral culture of the age allowed to understand correctly. Meanwhile, one of typical situations which have very different opinions about the upside-down funeral is the comon tomb of Yulgok’s parents, Wonsu Lee and Shin Saim-dang. As a result of analyzing the boundaries of the grave in the view of feng shui, measuring with triaxis geomagnetic instrument and confirming the number of decendents, it was concluded that this isn’t the case with the upside-down funeral. On the other hand, if tombs are built up by destructing artificially Plasmic hyeoruijeung, which have formed naturally, this is indeed corresponded to the upside-down funeral. Meanwhile, the spatial acupuncture shape of Yulgok’s family grave boundary according to the view of feng shui is applicable to sauced gaseumhyeol(乳穴) and its situation falls under A glorious land(榮華之地). Therefore it can be confirmed that the family grave boundary coincides with optimal factors of the principle of feng shui and maintains a sense of balance and stability of great location. For analyzing factors related to the upside-down funeral in this study, various ways including the view of feng shui, the number of decendants and triaxial geomagnetic measurement were mobilized.