『海朝新聞』의 간행과 교육론

Abstract

After Russo-Japanese Wars in 1904, in proceeding plunder by Japan, many diverse newspapers which intended to enlighten the people and elevate the spirit of independence published inside and outside of Korea. Main concern of those newspapers were to change people's mind and society, to restore national rights and to enlighten the spirit. These enlightenment movements which founded on the Enlightenment Thought and Social Darwinism intended to restore national rights through elevating education, press and cultural activity. After concluding the Treaty in 1905 and the Agreement in 1907 and becoming worsen the political situation in Korea, many politician and intellectuals seek refuge in America, Mancuria and Russia. Especially the Maritime Province was center of national movement by the army in the cause of justice, exiled politicians and intellectuals. Because this area located near the border of Tumen River and formed Korean society already. Haejo Newspaper, published in Vladivostok, Russia in 1908, was the first newspaper that published by Korean residents in Russia. This newspaper was published by exiled politicians and intellectuals and Korean residents in Russia who wanted to restore national rights. For that reason Haejo Newspaper focused on the enlightenment of Korean residents in Russia and restoration of national rights. At that time most Korean residents in Russia was peasants and laborers. So Haejo Newspaper used Korean alphabet, signs and symbols which led Korean residents in Russia to stir up national consciousness and solidarity. The newspaper, which effort to change consciousness of Korean people and to spread knowledge, had an inclination toward enlightenment of Korean residents in Russia and blame on Japanese policy. Haejo Newspaper, published in the Maritime Province and domestic, took a role of press enlightenment movement to form public opinion and to combine national spirit and thought. As responding to this, Japan confiscated newspapers and prohibited newspaper sailing by revising press act. As it's frequent confiscation by Japanese Residency-General, we can guess that the tone of Haejo Newspaper was strong criticism on Japanese policy. At that time most newspapers emphasized education movement for save-the-nation in general by improving knowledge. Because imperialist Japan started to reorganize colonial education to realize obscurantist policy and pro-Japanese education. As Japanese invasion on education regularized, education movement for enlightening independence and patriotism developed actively. And Haejo Newspaper insisted educational theory to infuse national consciousness and spirit. As a way of this Haejo Newspaper stressed study of Korean history and literature. It pursued to cultivate the knowledge of their own history and, furthermore, to form the conception of nation and to enhance patriotism. Accordingly Korean residents in Russia strived to spread education by means of founding schools and supporting school administration. In Haejo Newspaper we can find the effort of Korean residents in Russia for the movement of save-the-nation. And since then, Haejo Newspaper became the cornerstone of anti-Japanese movement in Russia.