석파 이하응의 시서화일치에 관한 審美理想 고찰

Abstract

This paper is on Seokpa(石坡) Lee Ha-Eung(李昰應)’s art theory who was a politician and a calligraphic painter(書畵家) in late Joseon Dynasty. Seokpa’s life was like a drama and in the name of art, he tried to communicate with the world through the drama. Lee Ha-Eung has been widely recognized as a figure who led a dynasty with negative toughness at an urgent, historical transition period of late Joseon. Going through that declining history and political bitter struggles, however, he was an artist who created a number of works, which draws keen attention. Seokpa drew orchid paintings to express the idea of love of learning (好學思想) based on academic refinement with intellectual thirst and that of the consonance of study and art (學藝一致理想) to relish poetry, calligraphy, painting and studying (詩書畵學) within art. Seokpa emphasizes that a creator, above all things, should control his/her mind when creating a piece of calligraphy and painting. In other words, he requires ‘non self-deceptiveness (不欺自心)’ based on ‘correcting one’s mindset by making it sincere (誠意正心).’ For ‘non self-deceptiveness,’ Seokpa stresses cultivation of sentence’s spirit through ‘reading a world of books (讀萬卷書)’ and ‘going a journey of ten thousand miles (行萬裏路).’ Creation of an orchid painting on which one’s righteousness (義) should be expressed only with one single brush stroke cannot be made without a style with excellent talent for painting and calligraphic works (逸筆). The style with such talent can be obtained only through realization from learning. The order of nature becomes a poem through realization with learning and the poem becomes an orchid painting expressed with calligraphy and attains the stage of delightful liveliness. Seokpa also reveals himself that respects literary as well as the order of Mother Nature and loves learning in various fields through Saguin (詞句印, a stamp with a good phrase engraved). It can be said that Seokpa’s poetry, calligraphy and painting is non-deceptive art based on literary and calligraphic energy and that non self-deceptive art in which Confucian thoughts are also at its base is expressed as esthetic ideal (審美理想) on the stage of consonance of study and art.