李昰應 書畵의 審美理想 考察- 爲己之學을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This article is about the WiGiJiHak(爲己之學) based SimMiEeSang(審美理想) for enhancement of morality(德性涵養) shown on the letters and painting of SeokPa Lee Ha Eung(石坡 李昰應, 1820~1898). WiGiJiHak is the starting point of the art spirit that Confucian school aims at. In criticism of a work, oriental art tries to evaluate it based on the artist’s personality and learning rather than her/his excellence of skill. This type of evaluation must be based on WiGiJiHak(爲己之學). Lee Ha Eung(李昰應) is one of those who applied WiGiJiHak to art. In the late Joseon dynasty, he went through tremendously hard life. During such hard life, he tried to be responsible of the politics and social culture of Joseon. However, the reality he faced was not easy enough. Under this circumstance, he tried to express his political intention through letter-writing and painting. His work is always based on BulGiJiSim(不欺自心; Don’t be fake of yourself. That is, look at yourself truthfully to get enlightened) for ShinDok(愼獨; Be careful of your words and attitude so that they cannot be away from the justice even when you are alone). It is the essence of his artistic work and spirit to train himself by WiGiJiHak(爲己之學) for SeongEuiJeongSim(誠意正心: Set your goal truly and be with good mind) based on such BulGiJiSim(不欺自心). The WiGiJiHak(爲己之學) that Confucian school aims at goes for recovery of the nature of SeongSeon(聖善: highly good in personality). Such nature of SeongSeon is given by the heaven and its ideal state is the level of MuSoWiEeYeon (無所爲而然: naturally becoming what you want without ulterior motive). Such existent enlightenment of the nature requires endless training of yourself for WiGi (爲己: for yourself) and ChoGi (切己: needed to yourself). In the Joseon dynasty, a calligraphic item orchid expressed clearly the Confucian artistic idea for WiGiJiHak(爲己之學) in relation with the theory of personality. Setting the WiGiJiHak as his final goal, he tried to enhance his morality based on Qū Yuán’s(屈原, BC 343~BC 278) idea of InRanWiSik(紉蘭爲飾: effort to fulfill your goal of human completely). From the point that you begin to doubt yourself, the study for yourself will start together with SuGi(修己: training yourself). Such humanistic effort goes to SuGiChiEen(修己治人: training yourself to become the better one) that represents enhancement of Deok(德:virtue) in his idea of the effort to have the better personality bywork creation. Therefore, his SuGiChiEen(修己治人) by poem and painting is considered to embrace the spirit that he would try to live withWiGiJiHak(爲己之學) for enhancement of morality(德性涵養) of SeongEuiJeongSim(誠意正心).