전라도 별칭 ‘호남(湖南)’의 연원(淵源)

Abstract

This study is to trace the origin of ‘Honam’ used as an alias for Jeollado province. For the alias, ‘Honam’ used for Jeolla province, existing studies have mainly focused on what the criteria for ‘Ho’(湖) in ‘Honam’ are, and just a few ones dealt with the period when the alias was used. According to the existing researches, it has been common that Honam’s first appearance was in late Goryo and early Joseon when Goryeo fell and Joseon was established, and it got its general position over the official place name, Jeollado in the period of King Seonjo’s reign. This research is in agreement in that there was competition between the names of Honam and Jeollado since King Seonjo’s reign in the Joseon dynasty, but newly tried to confirm that there required to advance the time of the advent of the alias, Honam. In chapter Ⅱ reviewed the social atmosphere that Goryeo was called as both its official administrative name and alias. The fact the alias was used in spite of the official place name related to enforcement of governmental power is correlated to the social mood that time. In early Goryeo, the Choronym system called Bongwanje was established, and Bongwan was originated from calling people as their hometown or place name they resided instead of their name. In Goryeo, it was usual to call an alias for not only personal names, but also place names, especially the alias appeared in the period of restructuring the local administrative district during King Seongjong’s and King Hyeonjong’s reign. Among the aliases for ten provinces called Do(道) appearing in the period of King Seongjong’s reign, Yeongnam and Gangnam were named according to their topographic feature, which were reused as their alias later on. Chapter Ⅲ re-examined the time of Honam’s first appearance as an alias for Jollado. It has been known that the name of Honam first appeared in Tak Gwang-mu’s 『Gyeongryeomjeongjib』 between late Goryeo and early Joseon in the late 14th century, but the study newly confirmed that it was used at least one hundred years earlier than the time. The earliest use of the alias, Honam appeared in the records in around 1240, the early 13th century. In the records, monk Cheonin mentioned ‘plan to travel around Honam’ when he went sightseeing Mt. Cheongwan in Jangheong. And also, there also appeared ‘Honam’ in the writings of Hong Gan who died in 1304 and Lee Seong’s poem from Damyang written in 1309. Accordingly, the research result shows that the advent of the alias, Honam can be advanced to the middle 13th century, which is 150 years earlier than the existing view of the late 14th and early 15th century. This study newly found the time as the middle 13th century through examining related records. And considering the general conditions in the Goryeo dynasty, the alias might be used far earlier.