적법절차와 증거능력

Abstract

Criminal procedures are based on due process as well as truth discovery. The due process is not just a legal procedure, but a basic fairness, but a criminal procedure that allows the parties to be equal, guaranteeing human rights and realizing clean judicial justice through restraint of illegal investigation. In other words, the due process in criminal procedure should guarantee the right and interest of the defendant in the proceedings of the defendant who is relatively inferior to the national authority. The basis is due to fundamental fairness. In Article 10, our Constitution defines individual basic rights, starting with human dignity, value, and the right to pursue happiness. Basic rights must be protected, and to limit them, they should not be violated by the law of reasonable and substantial content, which can also be applied to criminal proceedings. The exercise of public power, which may be limited or infringed, should be a means of justification, a means of minimal infringement, and a reasonable and substantial method. Article 37 (1) and (2) of the Constitution, which are the implementation of the rule of law, are the basis for the principle of due process. Therefore, the specific contents of the due process can be derived and solved by Article 37 of the Constitution. In other words, the exercise of public power related to criminal proceedings should not be infringed even if it is a basic right not prescribed by the Constitution or law, and the exercise of public power that can infringe on basic rights should be appropriate to the principle of proportionality. The evidence collected in violation of this is denied the ability to prove. The actual contents of the due process, that is, the essential contents of the basic right, include the right to refuse to state, the right to appoint a lawyer, and the right to refuse to testify. Since these basic rights contain essential contents in themselves, the principle of proportionality, that is, the profit form, does not apply. Therefore, if the essential and practical contents of these due process are violated, the evidence ability is always denied and there can be no exception. The principle of proportionality, that is, the case where the profit form is applied, occurs when it is not an intrinsic infringement. Therefore, due process implies the concept of profit form, and it is not reasonable to apply the principle of profit form or proportionality again if it violates due process.,The due process is not ambiguous or abstract, and in the application of Article 308-2 of the Criminal Procedure Act, it seems reasonable to interpret the ability of evidence in accordance with Article 37 of the Constitution in light of the constitutional due process and the rule of law.