일본형 의원내각제하에서의 입법과정 연구 ―의원입법 증가 현상을 중심으로―
A Study on the Legislative Process under the Japanese-style parliamentary cabinet system - Focusing on the increase in legislative legislation -
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この研究は、日本の議員立法の増加現況とその要因を分析し、日本型議員内閣制の立法過程の特徴を明らかにすることを目的とする。日本では2013年に初めて議員案提出件数が政府案より多い様相を見せた。安倍政権時代以降、有権者の多様な立法要求によって議員立法発議件数が著しく多くなった点は注目に値する部分だ。議員立法が増えるにつれ、与党の自民党は党内審査を充実させることを強調しており、国会レベルでは審議強化の必要性についての議論が提起されている。議員立法に対する事前審査は現在、連立与党のほか、野党内の政策調査会でも実施されている。議員立法に対しても政党の党議拘束が必要かどうかについては、国会議員一人一人を立法機関と見る時、立法権保障の側面で問題が提起されることもありうる。ただし、無分別な法案発議よりは法案の「選択と集中」を通じた立法の質的向上を追求する必要があると考えられる。議院内閣制の下で議員立法が増加した現象に対して、日本国会レベルの改革が強調されている。立法の量的増加を目標にするよりは、品質が保障された法案に対して国会で審議を深層的に充実させることで、国会本来の任務を遂行することが重要だろう。
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to reveal the characteristics of the legislative process of the Japanese parliamentary cabinet system by analyzing the current status of the increase in legislation of Japanese lawmakers and their factors. In Japan, for the first time in 2013, the number of lawmakers submitted by was higher than that of the government. It is noteworthy that the number of lawmakers' legislative proposals has increased significantly due to various legislative demands by voters since Abe took office. As legislative legislation increases, the ruling Liberal Democratic Party emphasizes faithful review within the party by its members and discussions on the necessity of strengthening deliberation are being raised at the parliamentary level. In addition to the ruling coalition, a preliminary review of legislation is currently being conducted by policy investigations within the opposition party. As to whether the party's restraint is necessary for legislative legislation, when each member of the Parliament is considered a legislative body, a question may be raised in terms of guaranteeing legislative power. However, it is necessary to pursue the improvement of the quality of legislation through the 'selection and concentration' of legislation rather than the indiscriminate presentation of legislation. Reform at the level of the Japanese National Diet is emphasized in response to the increase in legislative legislation under the parliamentary cabinet system. Rather than aiming for a quantitative increase in legislation, it will be important to carry out the original duties of the Parliament by faithfully deliberating on bills with guaranteed quality.
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