영국의 주택정책과 그 시사점
UK Housing Policy and Its Implications
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본 논문은 영국에서의 토지사용 계획시스템과 주택정책을 검토하고 이를 통하여 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다. 영국에서는 재정의 중앙집중화와 지방정부의 거주지 개발에 대한 인센티브 부족 그리고 토지사용 계획시스템의 경직적인 운용으로 인해 주택공급의 가격에 대한 비탄력적 반응과 이에 따른 주택부족 문제가 발생하였다. 영국의 주택정책은 주택수요를 진작시키는 데에 초점을 맞추면서 주택구입능력의 위기를 해소하는 데에 실패하였는데 그 이유는 주택수요의 확대가 주택공급을 늘리지 못하고 주택가격만 폭등시켰기 때문이다. 주택구입능력 위기를 해결하려면 주택가격을 지속적으로 상승시키는 수요측면 정책보다 토지사용 계획시스템을 개선해야 한다. 즉 토지 관련 공공재를 적절하게 공급하고 다양한 토지 사용에서 발생하는 부정적 외부효과와 긍정적 외부효과를 내부화하여야 한다. 주택정책 담당자는 주택공급의 제한이 있는 지역에서는 수요측면의 정책에만 의존하여 의도하지 않은 비생산적인 결과가 발생하지 않도록 유의하여야 한다. 주택정책을 설계할 때는 시장실패를 교정하고 주택공급의 조건을 충분히 고려할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
This paper reviews the land use planning system and housing policy in the UK and presents policy implications through this. In the UK, the inelastic response of housing supply to the house price and the resulting housing shortage occurred due to the centralization of finance, the lack of incentives for local governments' residential development, and the rigid operation of the land use planning system. The UK's housing policy failed to resolve the crisis of housing affordability while focusing on stimulating housing demand, because the expansion of housing demand did not increase housing supply but only skyrocketed house price. In order to solve the housing affordability crisis, the land use planning system needs to be improved rather than the demand-side policy that continuously raises house price. That is, land-related public goods should be appropriately supplied and negative and positive externalities arising from various land uses should be internalised. Housing policy makers should be careful not to cause unintended unproductive results by relying only on demand-side policies in regions with limited housing supply. When designing housing policy, it is necessary to correct market failures and fully consider the conditions of housing supply.
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