한국 벤처기업의 글로벌 네트워크 구성 및 운영전략
Global Network Configuration and Coordination Strategy of Korean Venture Firms
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본 논문은 제한된 자원우위와 경험을 가진 벤처기업들이 성공적으로 글로벌화를 추구하기 위하여 어떻게 글로벌 네트워크를 구성하고 운영하여야 하는가를 실증적으로 검증하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 전략경영이론의 주요 패러다임인 자원준거론적 관점과 전략적 포지셔닝 관점에서 분석하였다. 자원준거론적 관점은 80년대 이후 기업의 핵심역량(core competence)이 기업의 경쟁우위의 원천이라고 보았으며, 전략적 포지셔닝 관점은 80년대 이전 기업을 둘러싼 외부환경과의 정합성이 기업의 전략적 성공의 근간으로 보았다. 그러나 글로벌 네트워크의 구성과 운영방식은 기업이 핵심자원만 가졌다고 해서 지속적으로 유지할 수 있는 것은 아니며, 내·외부 네트워킹 환경에서의 정합성(fit)이 중요한 만큼, 동 연구는 두 관점을 동시에 고려하여 분석하였다. 우선, 자원준거론적 관점에서 벤처기업이 글로벌 네트워크를 구성(configuration)하고 운영(coordination)할 수 있는 기업의 핵심 자산을 '네트워크자산(network asset)'로 정의하고, 네트워크 자산의 원천과 유형을 자원(resource asset)과 관계자산(relational asset)으로 구분하고, 보유한 자산에 따라 네트워크 구성 및 운영방식이 어떻게 달라지는지 알아보았다. 해외 자회사를 보유하고 있는 61개 국내 벤처기업을 조사대상으로 한 결과, 자원 및 관계자산이 낮을수록 외부기업간 공동 네트워크를 구성하는 경향이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 내부 기업간 네트워크 운영방식에 있어, 자회사의 관계자산이 높을수록 본사의 자회사에 대한 운영방식이 자율적인 연합적(dispersive) 운영방식을 택하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 글로벌 경쟁환경이 높을수록 공동 네트워크 구성방식을 채택하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 벤처기업의 글로벌 네트워크 전략이 벤처기업의 태생적 한계를 극복하는 전략적 수단으로 활용되고 있음을 시사하고 있으며, 자회사의 관계자산이 본사의 자회사 운영전략을 수립하는데 중요한 요인임을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
This research tried to empirically investigate how Korean venture firms (with limited resource and experience) should configure and coordinate global networks in order to successfully globalize their business operations. For the sake, first of all, this research suggested a theoretic framework combining the strategic positioning view and the resource-based view to analyze strategic networking behaviors of Korean venture firms. The strategic positioning view suggests that firms need to seek a strategic fit between external environments and business operations. On the other hand, the resource based view pays attention to the internal resources of firms as primary sources of their competitive advantages. As far as the resource based view is concerned, the core competence for sustainable competitive advantage of venture firms to configure and coordinate a global network is defined 'network asset'. The network asset is classified into resource asset and relational asset. At the same time, following the strategic positioning view, this study investigates the strategic fit between the configuration and coordination of global network and the external and internal environment of venture firms. Based on the data of 61 Korean venture firms with subsidiaries abroad, this study conducted an empirical analysis of how network asset should affect the network configuration and coordination. As a result of statistical analysis, the network asset was found to be the major determinant of network configuration. The weaker the network asset, the higher the tendency to configure cooperative network. At the same time, the similar pattern was found between relational asset and network coordination. The weaker the relational asset, the less integrated the network coordination.
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