기업가지향성과 시장지향성의 하위변수가 혁신성과 및 재무성과에 미치는 영향: 국내 벤처 및 중소기업을 대상으로
The Effects of Sub-Factors of Entrepreneurial and Market Orientations on Innovation and Financial Performances in Korean Venture and SMEs
1
조회
0
다운로드
42
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
기업가지향성과 시장지향성은 현대 기업들이 변화하는 환경에 끊임없이 적응하고 새로운 기술과 가치를 창조하여 차별화를 통한 경쟁력을 지속적으로 확보하는데 필수적인 요소라 할 수 있다. 이를 반영하는 많은 기존 연구에서 이들 지향성이 기업성과와 긍정적인 관계를 가지는 것으로 나타나고 있으나, 일부 연구에서는 유의한 관계를 밝히지 못하였고, 부정적인 관계를 가지는 연구들도 나타나는 등, 실증결과에 있어 일관성에 문제점이 제기되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 점에 착안하여, 한국 벤처 및 중소기업을 대상으로 기업가지향성과 시장지향성의 하위구성요소인 혁신성, 위험감수성, 진취성, 경쟁자지향성 및 고객지향성이 각각 기업의 혁신성과에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 실증적으로 분석해 보았다. 본 연구에서 제안된 연구모형을 검증하기 위해 벤처 및 중소기업 362개를 대상으로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기업가지향성의 하위변수 중에서 혁신성과 진취성은 혁신성과에 정(+)에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 위험감수성은 혁신성과에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 시장지향성의 하위변수인 고객지향성은 혁신성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 경쟁자지향성은 혁신성과에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 기업의 혁신성과는 재무적 성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 벤처 및 중소기업의 경우, 기업 안에 내재되어 있는 혁신성과 진취성 및 고객지향성이 기업의 혁신성과를 달성하는데 가장 중요한 요소라는 점을 시사하고 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 기업가지향성 및 시장지향성의 하위변수와 기업의 혁신성과 간의 관계를 보다 잘 설명하는데 기여하고자 한다. 또한 한국 경제발전의 중요한 성장엔진인 벤처 및 기술혁신중소기업의 지속적인 성장과 지원 정책결정에 유익한 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of sub-factors of entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation on innovation and financial performances in 362 Korean ventures and SMEs. We develop a model that shows how these sub-factors of entrepreneurial and market orientations influence innovation performance and the relationship between innovation performance and financial perfor- mance. The main findings of empirical analysis are as follows;First, innovativeness and proactiveness as sub-factors of entrepreneurial orientation positively associated with innovation performance, while risk-taking have no significant effect on innovation per- formance. Second, customer orientation as sub-factor of market orientation significantly influences innovation performance, while competitor orientation do not directly affect innovation performance. Third, innovation performance has positive effect on financial performance. In conclusion, the findings of this paper implies that an organization may need to strengthen innovativeness and proactiveness of sub-factors of entrepreneurial orientation and customer orientation of sub-factors of market orientation to achieve improved firm' innovation performance.
참고문헌 (55)
- 金一星, "직무스트레스 요인과 감정노동의 직무태도와의 관계에서 직무소진의 매개효과와 사회적 지원 및 자기효능감의 조절효과 분석", 박사, 경영학과 인사·조직전공, pp.2013
- 박재환, "기업가지향성 및 시장지향성이 혁신성공과 기업성과에 미치는 영향", 상업교육연구, 25(2), pp.243~265 (2011), 한국상업교육학회
- 이도형, "혁신성의 선행변수와 결과변수 및 학습지향성의 매개효과에 관한 연구 : 혁신형 중소기업을 대상으로", 박사, 인사조직, pp.2006
- 이도형, "전략지향성과 혁신성과와의 관계 - 기업가지향성의 매개효과를 중심으로 -", 경영연구, 27(2), pp.279~302 (2012), 한국산업경영학회
- 이인우, "기술창업기업의 기술혁신지향성과 시장지향성이 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증분석 연구 : 신기술보육(TBI) 기업을 중심으로", 박사, 국제경영학, pp.2009
- 최순영, "학습지향성(Learning Orientation)이 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증연구 : 혁신능력, 시장기반능력, 경쟁력의 매개역할과 지식관리유형, 존속기간의 조절효과를 중심으로", 박사, 경영학, pp.2004
- 최한용, "전략지향성이 혁신성과에 미치는 영향", 한국산업경영학회 발표논문집 2008년도 동계학술발표대회 (2008)
- 혁신형 중소기업 현황, "혁신형 중소기업 통계", 중소기업청, ~ (2012)
- Atuahene-Gima, K., "An empirical investigation of the effect of market orientation and entrepreneurship alignment on product innovation", Organization Science, 12(1), pp.54~74 (2001)
- Baker, W.E., "Market Orientation and the New Product Paradox", Journal of Product Innovation Management, 22(6), pp.483~502 (2005)
- Bhuian, S. N., "Exploring market orientation in banks : An empirical examination in Saudi Arabia", Journal of Services Marketing, 11(4-5), pp.317~328 (1997)
- Breschi, S., "Technological regimes and Schumpeterian patterns of innovation", The Economic Journal, 110, pp.388~410 (2000)
- Calantone, R.J., "Learning orientation, firm innovation capability and firm performance", Industrial Marketing Management, 31(6), pp.515~524 (2002)
- Covin, J.G., "Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments", Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), pp.75~87 (1989)
- Christensen, C.M., "Customer Power, Strategic Investment and the Failure of Leading Firm", Strategic Management Journal, 17(3), pp.197~218 (1996)
- Day, G. S., "The capabilities of market-driven organizations", Journal of Marketing, 58(4), pp.37~52 (1994)
- Day, G.S., "Assessing advantage : a framework for diagnosing competitive superiority", Journal of Marketing, 52(2), pp.1~20 (1988)
- Dess, G.G., "Measuring organizational performance in the absence of objective measures : The case of the privately-held firm and conglomerate business unit", Strategic Management Journal, 5(3), pp.265~273 (1984)
- Farrell, M. A., "Market orientation, learning orientation and organisational performance in international joint ventures", Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logics, 20(3), pp.289~308 (2008)
- Frishammar, J., "The Role of Market Orientation and Entrepreneurial Orientation for New Product Development Performance in Manufacturing Firms", Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 19(6), pp.765~788 (2007)
- Gatignon, H., "Strategic Orientation of the Firm and New Product Performance", Journal of Marketing Research, 34(1), pp.77~90 (1997)
- Han, J.K., "Marketing Orientation and Organizational Performance : Is Innovation a Missing Link?", Journal of Marketing, 62, pp.30~45 (1998)
- Hughes, M., "Deconstructing the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance at the embryonic stage of firm growth", Industrial Marketing Management, 36(5), pp.651~661 (2007)
- Hult, G.T., "Does market orientation matter? A test of the relationship between positional advantage and performance", Strategic Management Journal, 22(9), pp.899~906 (2001)
- Hult, G. T. M., "Innovativeness : Its antecedents and impact on business performance", Industrial Marketing Management, 33(5), pp.429~438 (2004)
- Hurley, R., "Innovation, market orientation, and organizational learning : An integration and empirical examination", Journal of Marketing, 62(3), pp.42~54 (1998)
- Im, S., "The Impact of Creativity on New Product Success", Journal of Marketing, 68(2), pp.114~132 (2004)
- Jaworski, B. J., "Market orientation : antecedents and consequences", Journal of Marketing, 57(3), pp.53~70 (1993)
- Jeong, I., "Antecedents and consequences of the strategic orientations in new product development : The case of Chinese manufacturers", Industrial Marketing Management, 35(3), pp.348~358 (2006)
- Keh, H.T., "The Effects of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Marketing Information on the Performance of SMEs", Journal of Business Venturing, 22(4), pp.592~611 (2007)
- Kropp, F., "Entrepreneurial, market, and learning orientations and international entrepreneurial business venture performance in South African firms", International Marketing Review, 23(5), pp.504~523 (2006)
- Lee, C., "Internal Capabilities, External Networks, and Performance : A Study on Technology-based Venture", Strategic Management Journal, 22(6-7), pp.615~640 (2001)
- Li, Y., "The role of market and entrepreneurship orientation and internal control in the new product development activities of Chinese firms", Industrial Marketing Management, 35(3), pp.336~347 (2006)
- Lumpkin, G.T., "Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance", Academy of Management Review, 21(1), pp.135~172 (1996)
- Lumpkin, G.T., "Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance : The moderating role of environment and industry life cycle", Journal of Business Venturing, 16(5), pp.429~451 (2001)
- Malerba, F., "Technological regimes and sectoral patterns of innovative activities", Industrial Corporate Change, 6, pp.83~117 (1997)
- Mill, J. S., "Principles of political economy with some of their applications to social philosophy" (1948), John W. Parker
- Miller, D., "The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms", Management Science, 29(7), pp.770~790 (1983)
- Miller, D., "The structural and environmental correlates of business strategy", Strategic Management Journal, 8(1), pp.55~76 (1987)
- Miller, D., "Strategymarking and environment : The third link", Strategic Management Journal, 4(2), pp.221~235 (1983)
- Morris, M.H., "The relationship between entrepreneurship and marketing in established firms", Journal of Business Venturing, 2(3), pp.247~259 (1987)
- Narver, J.C., "The effect of a market orientation on business profitability", Journal of Marketing, 54(4), pp.20~35 (1990)
- Oczkowski, E., "Discriminating between Measurement Scales using Non-Nested Tests and Two Stage Estimators : The Case of Market Orientation", International Journal of Research in Marketing, 15(4), pp.349~366 (1998)
- Park, T., "Antecedents of knowledge competency and performance in born globals : The moderating effects of absorptive capacity", Management Decision, 50(8), pp.1361~1381 (2012)
- Pearce, J. A. I., "The impact of grand strategy and planning formality on financial performance", Strategic Management Journal, 8(2), pp.125~134 (1987)
- Peters, T.J., "In search of excellence" (1982), Harper and Row, Publishers
- Podsakoff, P.M., "Common method biases in behavioural research : a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies", Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), pp.879~903 (2003)
- Ramaseshan, B., "The effect of market orientation on new product performance : a study among Singaporean firms", Journal of Product and Brand Management, 11(6), pp.399~409 (2002)
- Rhee, J., "Drivers of innovativeness and performance for innovative SMEs in South Korea : Mediation of learning orientation", Technovation, 30(1), pp.65~75 (2010)
- Sandvik, I.L., "The impact of market orientation on product innovativeness and business performance", International Journal of Research in Marketing, 20(4), pp.355~376 (2003)
- Schumpeter, J. A., "The Theory of Economic Development : An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest and The Business Cycle" (1934), Oxford University Press
- Shane, S., "The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research", Academy of Management Review, 25, pp.217~226 (2000)
- Wiklund, J., "Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance : a configurational approach", Journal of Business Venturing, 20(1), pp.71~91 (2005)
- Youndt, M.A., "Human resource configurations, intellectual capital, and organizational performance", Journal of Managerial Issues, 16(3), pp.337~360 (2004)
- Zhou, K. Z., "Developing strategic orientation in China : antecedents and consequences of market and innovation orientations", Journal of Business Research, 58(8), pp.1049~1058 (2005)
