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국내 아시아 출신 유학생-노동자의 이주 인프라에 의한 불안정성 경험과 불안계급화

The Precariatization of Asian Students Working as Irregular Workers through Migration Infrastructure in South Korea

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주제분류지리학

초록

외국인 유학생은 공부를 하기 위해 타국으로 일시적으로 이주한 학생을 의미하지만, 우리사회에서 이들은정부가 제한한 분야와 시간에 한해서 노동을 할 수 있는 존재이다. 유학생이자 노동자인 이중 정체성을 가진 ‘유학생-노동자’들은 정부의 엄격한 규제 하에 합법적인 노동을 할 수 있으나, 이들의 노동은 합법과 비합법의 느슨한 경계에 놓여있어 비합법의 덫에 빠질 가능성이 크다. 이 연구는 이주자의 이동과 정착을 도와주거나 방해하는 이주인프라 시스템에 착안하여 이주 인프라가 어떻게 이들의 불안정한 경험을 만들어내고, 이를 통해 유학생-노동자들이 불안계급화 되는지를 분석하였다. 국내 4년제 대학에서 수학 중인 유학생 18명과의 심층면접조사를 실시하여얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 정부, 대학, 노동시장 및 에스닉 네트워크로 구성된 이주 인프라의 각 차원들이 서로 조응하면서 유학생-노동자의 비합법 노동을 만들어냈다. 그 결과 합법과 비합법의 아슬아슬한 경계 속에서 학업과 노동활동을 병행하는 유학생-노동자들은 불안정성을 경험하며 불안계급화 되고 있었다.

Abstract

International students temporarily moved to another country to study, and some of them are allowed to work in the areas and hours strictly restricted by the government in South Korea. The dual identity of international students working as irregular workers allows them to work legally under strict government regulations, but their work lies on a loose line between regular and irregular, and they are more likely to fall into the trap of irregularity. Focusing on the migration infrastructure system that helps or hinders the movement and settlement of migrants, this study analyzes how the migration infrastructure produces their precarious experiences, which in turn leads to the precariatization. Based on in-depth interviews with 18 international students, who are studying at four-year universities in Korea. The findings are as follows. Each dimension of the migration infrastructure, which consists of the government, universities, labor market, and ethnic network, works in concert with each other to produce irregular labor of international students working as irregular workers. As a result, international students and workers walk a fine line between regular and irregular work, and by doing so, they are precariatized.

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