경쟁전략, 조직구조, 정보기술 활용도 간의 적합성이 조직성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
The Impact of Competitive Strategy, Decentralization, and the Application of IT on Performance
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본 논문은 경쟁전략, 조직구조의 상호작용이 정보기술의 활용도에 미치는 영향 및 이들 간의 적합성이 기업 성과에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하고 있다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 정보기술의 활용도와 경쟁전략, 조직구조의 분권화 간의 관계를 우리나라 50대 그룹의 250개 계열사를 표본으로 실증분석을 실시하였다. 이에 따른 본 논문의 결과를 살펴보면 첫째, 경쟁전략과 분권화는 정보기술의 활용도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 차별화 전략을 취할수록 정보기술의 활용도가 높아지며 조직구조의 분권화 경향이 높을수록 정보기술의 활용도가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 경쟁전략과 조직구조 간 상호작용도 정보기술의 활용도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 실증분석 결과, 경쟁전략과 분권화의 상호작용이 정보기술의 활용도에 영향을 미친다는 가설이 지지되었다. 셋째, 경쟁전략, 조직구조의 분권화 및 정보기술의 활용도 간에 적합성이 높은 기업이 적합성이 낮은 기업보다 성과가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반면 전략과 조직구조의 적합성이 높은 기업과 낮은 기업 간에는 성과차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이는 기업이 높은 성과를 달성하기 위해서는 전략과 조직구조 간의 적합성을 추구하는 것만으로는 충분하지 않고 전략과 조직구조에 따라 정보기술의 활용정도가 달라져야 한다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구는 전략이 조직에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 기존의 연구를 확대하여 전략과 조직구조의 적합성뿐만 아니라 전략 및 조직구조에 따른 정보기술 활용도의 적합성이 조직성과에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 사실을 밝혀냈다. 이러한 결과는 불확실한 환경, 차별화 전략, 분권화된 조직구조일수록 많은 정보를 필요로 하고, 이를 수용할 수 있는 정보처리능력을 갖출 것이라는 정보처리관점의 논리를 실증분석을 통해 입증했다는 점에서 의의를 갖는다.
Abstract
This study examines the relationships among competitive strategy, decentralization, and the application of IT(information technology), and the impact of fit among these three variables on firm's performance. Questionnaire obtained from 250 subsidiaries of 50 Korean diversified firms ar used for empirical analyses and hypotheses testing. Empirical results are as follows. First, competitive strategy and decentralization effect the application of It. Firms with differentiation strategy would utilize information technology more than those with cost-leadership strategy. Also, decentralized firms would utilize information technology more than centralized ones. Second, there exists the interaction effect of competitive strategy and decentralization on the application of IT. Third, the fit among competitive strategy, decentralization, and the application of IT significantly affects firm performance. Firms with high fit are performing better than those with low fit. But, the fit between competitive strategy and decentralization is not important for firm performance. There is no significant performance difference between firms with high strategy-structure fit and those with low strategy-structure fit. An important finding of this research is that strategy-structure fit is not sufficient for high performance, but the fit among strategy, structure and the application of IT are required for it. This result also empirically supports the logic of information processing perspective.
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