특허기술의 특성과 가치의 관계: 특허풀 환경에서의 실증 연구
The Relationship between Patent Characteristics and Its Value: An Empirical Study in the Context of a Patent Pool
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특허 등 지적 재산의 확보와 활용은 경쟁우위를 위한 기업의 경영 전략 및 기술혁신 전략과 깊은 관련을 가지고 있다. 기존 연구에서 특허는 ‘가치 확보(value capture)’ 또는 ‘가치 점유(value appropriation)'를 위하여 모방을 방어하는 기제(isolating mechanism)로만 언급되고 있으며, 특허를 통한재무적인 수익을 극대화 시키는 특허전략에 대한 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 특허풀을 통하여 실현되는 기술 가치를 극대화하는데 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하고자 한다. 이러한 요인들 중 특허기술의 특성에 초점을 맞추어 특허기술의 특성이 특허풀에서의 로열티 증대에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 본 연구의 실증분석 결과는 특허기술이 기존기술을 토대로 점진적인 발전을 이룬 경우이거나, 특허기술이 적용되는 시장의 범위가 넓을수록 높은 로열티 성과를 나타내었다. 그러나 과학지식과의 연계와 기술수명주기는 로열티 성과와 유의한 관계를 나타내지 않았다. 본 연구는 학문적인 차원에서 혁신의 초기단계에 있는 특허 특성과 상품화 이후 혁신의 사후적인 가치와의 관계를 실증 분석함으로써 혁신의 가치평가와 관련된 기존 연구의 영역을 확장하고 발전을 도모하였다. 또한, 전략경영 연구에서 특허풀을 조명하고, 특허풀을 통한 가치확보를 극대화 하는 특허전략에 초점을 두어 연구하였다. 실무적 시사점으로는 첫째, 특허 개발 단계에서 선행특허에 대한 탐색과 관련 기술을 발전시키는데 연구자의 관심을 유발하도록 해야 하며, 특허 기술 관리에 있어서 시장의 범위를 파악하고 확장하는데 노력을 기울여야 할 것이다. 둘째, 치열한 경쟁 상황 하에서 기업들은 특허 출원에 대한 양적인 접근 보다는 질적인 접근의 중요성을 반영한 특허 전략을 펼쳐야 할 것이다. 이를 위한 한 가지 방안으로 본 연구에서와 같이 특허풀에 대하여 더 많은 관심을 기울일 필요성이 존재하고 이를 통한 수익 증대 방안에 더 많은 관심을 가질 필요가 있다는 것이다.
Abstract
Acquisition and utilization of intellectual properties such as patents are an important element of firm strategy and technology strategy. In extant research, patents are considered mostly as an isolating mechanism which leads to value capture or value appropriation. However, there is lack of research on patent strategies to increase the financial performance of patents. The current study investigates the factors leading to patent value maximization through a patent pool. In particular, we focus on thecharacteristics of patents and their influence on the royalty income in a patent pool. The empirical results show that higher royalty is related with patents which offer incremental progress from the existing technology and patents with broader scope of application. On the other hand, linkage to scientific knowledge and technology life cycle are not significantly related to royalty performance. In an academic sense, the current study contributes to expand the current research on measuring the value of innovation by empirically testing the relationship between patent characteristics and its commercial value. Further, we highlight the patent pool as an important phenomenon in strategic management and the value maximizing patent strategies. We also suggest several practical implications. Firms should induce the scientists' attention to the search of prior patents, so that they can advance related technologies and expand the market scope. In addition, under fierce competition, firms need to manage patent strategies focusing on qualitative rather than quantitative approach.Patent pools may provide a context where firms can increase the financial performance of patents.
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