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국내 첨단산업의 네트워크 구조변화와 네트워크특성이 기업의 혁신성과에 미치는 영향

The Effect of the Network Structure Changes and Network Characteristics in the High-Tech Industries on Firm Innovation

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주제분류경영학

초록

첨단산업에서 경쟁 단위가 개별 기업에서 네트워크로 변화하면서 제휴네트워크의 중요성이 점차커지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 사회네트워크 분석을 통해 2008년 글로벌 금융위기를 전후한 7년간 국내첨단산업의 제휴네트워크의 구조변화를 살펴보는 동시에 네트워크에서 기업의 중심성과 혁신성과간의관계 및 제휴파트너의 지리적․기능적 다양성이 혁신성과에 어떠한 직접효과 및 조절효과를 가지는지를음이항 회귀분석을 통하여 실증 분석하였다. 연구 결과 국내 첨단산업의 제휴네트워크 구조는 2008년 글로벌 금융위기를 겪으면서 제휴네트워크의규모가 20% 이상 축소되었으며, 네트워크에서 중심축을 이루는 주요 대기업들의 영향력은 변함없거나더욱 강화되는 것으로 나타난 반면, 중견․중소기업들이 네트워크에서 대거 이탈하거나 비중이 줄어든것으로 나타났다. 음이항 회귀분석 결과 연결중심성과 매개중심성은 혁신성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는것으로 나타났다. 제휴파트너의 기능적 다양성과 지리적 다양성은 혁신성과에 의미있는 영향을 미쳤으며그 효과는 상이하였다. 기능적 다양성은 직접효과는 없고, 네트워크 중심성과 혁신성과의 관계에조절효과만 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 제휴파트너의 기능적 다양성은 연결중심성과 혁신성과간의 관계에긍정적인 영향을 미친 반면, 매개중심성과 혁신성과간의 관계에는 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로나타났다. 지리적 다양성은 혁신성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳐 직접효과는 유의미하게 나타났으나조절효과는 나타나지 않았다.

Abstract

While competitive units in the high-tech industries change from individual companies to the networks, the importance of alliance networks is increasingly growing. In this study, we examined the structural changes in the alliance network of the domestic high-tech industries over the seven years before and after the global financial crisis through social network analysis, at the same time, investigated the relationship between network centrality and firm innovation performance and the effects of geographic and functional diversity of the alliance partners on innovation performance. Results reveal that, in the face of the global financial crisis in 2008, the scale of the alliance network of the domestic high-tech industries has been reduced by more than 20%. While the influence of major large corporations on the network appeared to be unchanged or even enhanced, the proportion of SMEs in the network dropped further as a result of disappearing en masse. The negative binomial regression results reported that both degree centrality and betweenness centrality have a positive effect on innovation. Functional diversity of the alliance partners gave a positive moderating effect on the relationship between degree centrality and innovation of the firm, while showing a negative moderating impact on the relationship between innovation and betweenness centrality. Geographic diversity of the alliance partners gave a positive effect on innovation performance but moderating effects were not significant.

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