한국 산업 클러스터에서 기업 간 네트워크 구조와 지역 혁신역량의 역할: 기업수준 분석
The Role of Inter-firm Network Structure and Regional Innovation Capabilities in Korean Industrial Clusters: A Firm-level Analysis
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초록
지역 혁신시스템의 관점에서 클러스터 내 기업의 네트워크 구조와 지역 혁신역량은 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 크게 두 가지이다. 첫째, 국내 클러스터 내 기업들의 지식교류 네트워크의 구조(연결성과 개방성)가 기업의 성과(제품혁신, 공정혁신, 재무성과)에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 검증한다. 둘째, 이들의 관계에 대해 지역 혁신역량이 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 기업 수준에서 파악한다. 이를 위해, 2011년 전국 미니클러스터 등록 기업을 대상으로 197개의 유효응답표본을 사용하여 통계적 분석을 실시하였다. 상호작용 효과를 갖는 공분산 분석의 결과, 높은 네트워크 연결성과 개방성은 재무성과, 제품혁신, 공정혁신에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기업성과들 중에서 공정혁신과 재무성과와는 달리 제품혁신에 있어서는 지역 혁신역량과 네트워크 구조의 상호작용이 존재하는 것으로 파악되었다. 이러한 결과에 기초하여 기업들은 제품혁신 추구시 상호작용관계를 고려하여 자사의 네트워크 구조를 설정해야 할 것이다. 특히, 제품혁신을 위해서는 지역의 혁신역량에만 의존해서는 안된다는 점에 주목할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
In light of regional innovation system, network structure of a firm in clusters and regional innovation capabilities take on substantial roles. The purpose of the study is twofold. Firstly, we show whether the structures of inter-firm knowledge exchange networks(connectivity and openness) of firms in Korean clusters have an impacts on firm performances(product innovation, process innovation and financial performances). Secondly, we investigate at firm level whether regional innovation capabilities affect the relationship between structures of knowledge exchange networks and firm performances. To conduct empirical test, we utilize 197 samples collected from companies listed in Korean mini-clusters in 2011. The results of Analysis of Covariance with Interaction effects reveal that higher network connectivity and openness significantly bear on financial performance as well as product and process innovation. Additionally, we found that the interaction between regional innovation capabilities and inter-firm network structures affects product innovation performance, unlike process innovation and financial performances. Based on the results, it should be noted that firms should possess their distinct network structures to a varying extent, taking into account trade-off of performances and also have not to rely on only regional innovation capabilities in generating product innovation.
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