试论“赡养分担-放弃继承”协议的效力
A Tentative Study on the Validity of “Maintenance sharing-inheritance disclaiming” Agreement
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참고문헌
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초록
根据中国内地法律，赡养人往往同时是被赡养人的法定继承人. 在部分案件中，为了公平地安排赡养义务分担与未来发生的遗产继承事宜，赡养人之间订立“赡养分担-放弃继承”协议，约定赡养义务全部由部分赡养人实际承担，而另一部分赡养人相应地放弃对被赡养人遗产的继承权. 此类协议对被赡养人当然没有拘束力，但在订立协议的赡养人之间是否存在拘束力,值得讨论. 赡养人之间订立的单纯的赡养分担协议只要经过被赡养人的同意即可生效，但中国内地的继承法并未承认继承人在继承开始前的效力，基于继承法作为强行法的性质，且继承人在被继承人去世前尚未取得继承权，故继承人在继承开始前放弃继承的意思表示不生效力. “赡养分担-放弃继承”协议将赡养分担与放弃继承“挂钩”的协议有违公序良俗，应属无效.
Abstract
In accordance with the laws of the PRC, a supporter is always a supportee’s legal heir. In some cases, supporters make the “maintenance sharing-inheritance disclaiming” agreement, which says that some supporter(s) shall shoulder the whole duty of support, while the other supporter(s) shall disclaiming inheritance “as for the price”, in order to balance the obligation of the duty of support and the distribution of heritage. This kind of agreement is not legally binding on the supportee, but whether it is valid for the supporters who make it, is a problem worth discussing. The agreement which is purely about the obligation of the duty of support will be valid with the supportee’s consent, while the laws of the PRC don’t recognize the validity of the disclaiming inheritance before succession begins. Since the inheritance law is imperative law, and a successor doesn’t acquire the inheritance before succession begins, so the “advanced” disclaiming inheritance shouldn’t have effect. Making disclaiming inheritance as a consideration for maintenance agreement violates public order and good custom, so it shall be invalid.
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