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The pragmatics of the Khalkha Mongolian modal particle ??? and its descriptions in textbooks for English speakers

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Abstract

There exist a number of textbooks in English for learning Khalkha Mongolian, including A Mongolian Grammar (Whymant 1926), Mongol Reader (Austin 1963), Modern Mongolian: A Primer and Reader (Bosson 1963), Mongolian Newspaper Reader (Montgomery 1969), Basic Course in Mongolian (Hangin 1987), Intermediate Mongolian (Hangin 1968), A Textbook of Mongolian Language (Batbaatar & Nyamaa 2002), Mongolian Newspaper Cuttings (Bat-Ireedi 2003), and Modern Mongolian: A Course-Book (Gaunt 2004), among others. In their approach to teaching pragmalinguistic aspects of the language, such as modals and grammatical markers of politeness, these texts differ greatly, some of them lucidly explaining the pragmatic nuances of modal verbs, modal constructions, and the like, and others only giving a rough (and sometimes inaccurate) English rendering of the form in question. This paper aims to compare data from these texts, making corrections when necessary, further elucidating on under-described forms, and relate the findings to general theories of pragmatics and L2 (second language) pragmatic instruction.

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