본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

아프리카 언어들의 표기에 관한 연구

African writing systems

김학수
한국아프리카학회 (Korean Association Of African Studies)|2007.06|한국아프리카 학회지 (Journal of the Korean Association of African Studies)|제25권 제1호|pp. 41-89

0

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

IPAstandardizationwriting systemorthographyHausaminority languageSwahiliGudufAfrican languageVaiMandingN'koindigenous scriptAfrican alphabet
주제분류학제간연구

초록

The purpose of this paper is to examine various aspects of African writing systems. The topics presented are mainly the following: (1) Based on Dalby's influential articles (1967, 1968, 1969), it surveys typological characteristics of 17 indigenously developed African scripts, whereby two writing systems of them, the Vai syllabary and the Manding alphabet, are representatively detailed in terms of their origin and operation principles. Coming mainly from West Africa (Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Cameroun, Nigeria, etc.), the scripts not only show a variety of interesting features, but also reflect in a few cases how creative and intellectual their inventors were. Also they are the important evidence that there have been writing systems invented ever by Africans. (2) The second topic touches on various issues of orthographic conventions used in African languages. Having chronologically introduced some important processes where African languages have been adpated to and written with the Roman alphabet system introduced mainly by missionaries during the (pre-)colonial period, and having pointed out related problems to the processes, the letters used in the contemporary orthographies of 26 major African languages are thoroughly analysed according to their corresponding phonemes, and their characteristics as well as idiosyncracies are discussed. (3) The topics of the last section are the standardization of the two 'biggest' African languages, Swahili and Hausa, on the one hand, and the development of an orthography of a hitherto unwritten minority language of Northeastern Nigeria, Guduf, on the other. It is argued here that the documentation of minority languages as well as the invention of a writing system for them are particularly important, since they may help the language users preserve their mother tongues that might otherwise be lost. Regardless of its size, every language must equally be thought of a sort of such entities like our natural environment we all have continuously to try to protect.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine various aspects of African writing systems. The topics presented are mainly the following: (1) Based on Dalby's influential articles (1967, 1968, 1969), it surveys typological characteristics of 17 indigenously developed African scripts, whereby two writing systems of them, the Vai syllabary and the Manding alphabet, are representatively detailed in terms of their origin and operation principles. Coming mainly from West Africa (Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Cameroun, Nigeria, etc.), the scripts not only show a variety of interesting features, but also reflect in a few cases how creative and intellectual their inventors were. Also they are the important evidence that there have been writing systems invented ever by Africans. (2) The second topic touches on various issues of orthographic conventions used in African languages. Having chronologically introduced some important processes where African languages have been adpated to and written with the Roman alphabet system introduced mainly by missionaries during the (pre-)colonial period, and having pointed out related problems to the processes, the letters used in the contemporary orthographies of 26 major African languages are thoroughly analysed according to their corresponding phonemes, and their characteristics as well as idiosyncracies are discussed. (3) The topics of the last section are the standardization of the two 'biggest' African languages, Swahili and Hausa, on the one hand, and the development of an orthography of a hitherto unwritten minority language of Northeastern Nigeria, Guduf, on the other. It is argued here that the documentation of minority languages as well as the invention of a writing system for them are particularly important, since they may help the language users preserve their mother tongues that might otherwise be lost. Regardless of its size, every language must equally be thought of a sort of such entities like our natural environment we all have continuously to try to protect.

참고문헌 (52)

  1. "무문자사회의 역사: 서아프리카 모시족의 사례를 중심으로" (2004), 서울: 논형
  2. "언어: 이론과 그 응용" (2004), 서울: 탑출판사
  3. "서아프리카의 토착 문자들: 만데 어군 언어들(나이저-콩고)의 음절문자들을 중심으로", 17, pp.91~118 (2004)
  4. "Yoruba", pp.836~841 (2001)
  5. "Maninka-Bambara-Dyula", pp.463~465 (2001)
  6. "An introduction to African languages" (2003), Amsterdam[DOI]
  7. "Phonology", pp.123~160 (2000)
  8. "Africa as a phonological area" (2005), MS
  9. "The Cambridge encyclopedia of language" (1997), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  10. "A survey of the indigenous scripts of Liberia and Sierra Leone", pp.1~51 (1967)
  11. "The indigenous scripts of West Africa and Surinam", pp.156~97 (1968)
  12. "Further indigenous scripts of West Africa", pp.161~81 (1969)
  13. "Writing systems", pp.43~80 (2003), Oxford: Blackwell
  14. "SeSotho", pp.633~636 (2001)
  15. "Amharic", pp.20~22 (2001)
  16. "An introduction to language" (1988)
  17. "Facts about the World's languages : An encyclopedia of the World's major languages, past and present" (2001), New York and Dublin: The H. W. Wilson Company
  18. "Ethnologue: Languages of the World" (2005), Dallas, Tex.: SIL International
  19. "The languages of Africa" (1963), Indiana University Press
  20. "Language in Africa" (1977)
  21. "African languages: An introduction" (2000), Cambridge University Press
  22. "Kanuri", pp.366~370 (2001)
  23. "International Institute of African Languages and Cultures Practical orthography of African languages" (1930)
  24. "The principles of the International Phonetic Association" (1984)
  25. "문자의 역사", 001 (2003), 서울: 시공사
  26. "Spontaneous and planned development of Hausa", 2, pp.269~84
  27. "afrikanische Sprachen und ihre Forschung" (1983)
  28. "Luganda", pp.429~434 (2001)
  29. "Kinyarwanda", pp.385~386 (2001)
  30. "Afrika und bersee 47", 64187-203 (1963), ~
  31. "Lingala", pp.421~423 (2001)
  32. "The Hausa language: An Encyclopedic Reference Grammar" (2000), Yale University Press
  33. "Pulaar", pp.572~575 (2001)
  34. "Gikuyu", pp.246~248 (2001)
  35. "Standardization of Swahili and the modernization of the Swahili vocabulary", pp.53~77
  36. "Somali", pp.675~679 (2001)
  37. "세계의 문자체계" (2000), 서울: 한국문화사
  38. "Scripts of West Africa", pp.593~598 (1996), New York: Oxford University Press
  39. "Meeting of a group of experts for the unification of alphabets of national languages" (1966)
  40. "Proceedings of the meeting of experts on the transcription and harmonization of African languages" (1981)
  41. Vischer, "Rules for Hausa spelling Journal of the African Society 2", pp.339~47 (1911)
  42. Westermann, "Practical phonetics for students of African languages" (1933)
  43. Welmers,W.E, "African language structure.Berkeley" (1973), University of California Press
  44. Wolff,E, "A grammar of the Lamang language" (1983), Augustin
  45. In U, "Standardization and varieties of written Hausa Standardization of national languages UNESCO Institute for Education", pp.21~32
  46. ---------, "Referenzgrammatik des Hausa" (1993)
  47. Wolff, E, "Language and society", pp.298~347 (2000)
  48. "CIA: http:"[DOI]
  49. "Ethnologue: http:"[DOI]
  50. "Omniglot: http:", writing
  51. "The Rosetta Project: http:"[DOI]
  52. "Wikipedia: http:"[DOI]

관련 논문AI추천

Overview of Korean research for African Languages with particular reference to major topics and methodologies권명식한국아프리카학회 · 한국아프리카 학회지2019 · 제57권 Korean Graphemics and Korean Orthography김상태사단법인 한국언어학회 · 언어학2011 · 제19권 제4호세계화와 아프리카어들의 발전전망M.A.Kibogoya한국아프리카학회 · 한국아프리카 학회지2002 · 제15권 나일어의 유형적 특징, 분기와 접촉현상을 고려하여권명식한국아프리카학회 · 한국아프리카 학회지2012 · 제37권 제1호차딕어들에 나타나는 동사파생체계의 비교연구김학수한국아프리카학회 · 한국아프리카 학회지2008 · 제27권 제1호북동 나이지리아 차딕어들의 언어적 특징과 계통적 관계에 대한 고찰: 드궤데(Dghwede), 구두프(Guduf), 그보코(Gvoko)어를 중심으로김학수한국아프리카학회 · 한국아프리카 학회지2013 · 제38권 제1호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (8건)

구성주의 관점에서 본 미국과 중국의 對아프리카 자원 각축김주환pp. 1-39문학작품에 투영된 아프리카의 이미지 : 콩고 강을 바라보는 서구와 현지의 시선들김현숙pp. 91-128아프리카의 국가발전과 언어의 문제: 콩고민주공화국의 사례최준수pp. 129-159불어권 아프리카인의 정치민주화, 경제회생, 사회발전에 관한 인식연구 : 사하라이남 불어권 아프리카인 여론조사를 중심으로한양환pp. 137-176축제와 정체성의 연행: 요루바 알루꾸 축제를 중심으로한건수pp. 161-202
원문 보기