탄자니아의 언어정책과 국가건설에 대한 역사적 고찰: 독립이후부터 1970년대 중반까지의 시기를 중심으로
The historical perspective on Tanzania nation building and language policy : Centering on the period from independence and to the middle of 1970's.
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Swahili was first promoted as an official language under the German colonial regime. Tanzanian government had a clear language policy after the independence. Language planing for promoting and expanding the use of Swahili became one of the major concerns of the Tanzania government. Swahili was considered as a ‘national language’ within the context of historical, pragmatic and political views. There was a considerable political support for the introduction of Swahili as a national language and as the medium of teaching and learning in the primary school. The language policy in Tanzania was precipitated by political and ideological reasons. Swahili as a national language in Tanzania helped the people to identify with and participate in the development process. Swahili had been strongly idealized and mythologized, since the early stage of TANU. In general, Swahili was labeled the ‘language of liberation and freedom’, and ‘language of national independence’ etc. Swahili was the carrier of African and Tanzanian values such as racial pride, freedom, Ujamaa and anticolonialism. Therefore, it would become a cental instrument for nation-building, as the vehicle for expressing the non-ethnic, egaligtarian, African values of Ujamaa. Given that the objective of nation-building in Tanzania should be taken into serious considerations, the case of Tanzanian language policy, as was shown in this article, indicates a good model for nation-building.
Abstract
Swahili was first promoted as an official language under the German colonial regime. Tanzanian government had a clear language policy after the independence. Language planing for promoting and expanding the use of Swahili became one of the major concerns of the Tanzania government. Swahili was considered as a ‘national language’ within the context of historical, pragmatic and political views. There was a considerable political support for the introduction of Swahili as a national language and as the medium of teaching and learning in the primary school. The language policy in Tanzania was precipitated by political and ideological reasons. Swahili as a national language in Tanzania helped the people to identify with and participate in the development process. Swahili had been strongly idealized and mythologized, since the early stage of TANU. In general, Swahili was labeled the ‘language of liberation and freedom’, and ‘language of national independence’ etc. Swahili was the carrier of African and Tanzanian values such as racial pride, freedom, Ujamaa and anticolonialism. Therefore, it would become a cental instrument for nation-building, as the vehicle for expressing the non-ethnic, egaligtarian, African values of Ujamaa. Given that the objective of nation-building in Tanzania should be taken into serious considerations, the case of Tanzanian language policy, as was shown in this article, indicates a good model for nation-building.
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