에티오피아 악숨 문명의 정체성 : 아프리카 중심주의적 시각(Afrocentric perspective)에서
The Identity of Axum Civilization: with Afrocentric Perspective
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The Axum Civilization is an ancient kingdom of Ethiopia, which emerged from Axum located in the northern region of Ethiopia. Axum prospered through seaborne trade with Greece, Egypt, and Asia, mainly through Adulis seaport in the Red Sea. Axum’s sailors traveled as far as Ceylon and worked as mediators between the Roman Empire and Persia, and even conquered and ruled parts of Southern Arabia. It grew to become a formidable trading empire in AD 2C-3C, and invaded and destroyed the kingdom located in today’s Meroe, Sudan. In the 4th century, Axum converted to Christianity and reached the peak of its civilization. Mani referred to Axum during its peak as ‘the third biggest kingdom in the world,’ and Persians considered Axum one of the four great cavitations together with Persia, Rome, and Sileos. However, from the 7th century, with the rise of Islam in the Arabian, Red Sea, and Northern African coastal regions, seaborne trade became difficult and the Axum civilization eventually declined. In conclusion, Axum civilization was a civilization in which Africans developed in the continent. Axum civilization can be defined as part of the process of Africa becoming civilized through the continent’s internal and external process of dynamic historical development. The legend of Queen Sheba and Menelik, “Ark of the Covenant,” inscription, coins, Stela are legacies of the Axum civilization and support Ethiopia’s legitimacy. Research on the Axum civilization corrects the skewed conception that world history is European or Western one, and it provides a balanced viewpoint on world history suitable for the age of globalization.
Abstract
The Axum Civilization is an ancient kingdom of Ethiopia, which emerged from Axum located in the northern region of Ethiopia. Axum prospered through seaborne trade with Greece, Egypt, and Asia, mainly through Adulis seaport in the Red Sea. Axum’s sailors traveled as far as Ceylon and worked as mediators between the Roman Empire and Persia, and even conquered and ruled parts of Southern Arabia. It grew to become a formidable trading empire in AD 2C-3C, and invaded and destroyed the kingdom located in today’s Meroe, Sudan. In the 4th century, Axum converted to Christianity and reached the peak of its civilization. Mani referred to Axum during its peak as ‘the third biggest kingdom in the world,’ and Persians considered Axum one of the four great cavitations together with Persia, Rome, and Sileos. However, from the 7th century, with the rise of Islam in the Arabian, Red Sea, and Northern African coastal regions, seaborne trade became difficult and the Axum civilization eventually declined. In conclusion, Axum civilization was a civilization in which Africans developed in the continent. Axum civilization can be defined as part of the process of Africa becoming civilized through the continent’s internal and external process of dynamic historical development. The legend of Queen Sheba and Menelik, “Ark of the Covenant,” inscription, coins, Stela are legacies of the Axum civilization and support Ethiopia’s legitimacy. Research on the Axum civilization corrects the skewed conception that world history is European or Western one, and it provides a balanced viewpoint on world history suitable for the age of globalization.
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