Compounds and stem domains in Northern Dagara: Evidence from directional asymmetries in vowel harmony
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Dagara vowel harmony provides positive evidence that stem domains should be considered as part of the prosodic hierarchy. This paper complements previous studies that have argued for the presence of stem domains based on verbal reduplication (Downing 2001) and distribution of H tone (Jenks and Rose 2011)among others. Further evidence for a prosodic domain based on the stem comes from vowel harmony in Dagara, which displays opposite directionalities: left-toright (progressive) harmony in suffixations and right-to-left (regressive) harmony in compounds. A constraint-based analysis of root-controlled vowel harmony shows how this directional asymmetry is an example of a stem-domain sensitive phenomenon. Roots in Dagara compounds form a single stem, and the rightmost root in a stem domain controls vowel harmony, resulting in regressive rootcontrolled vowel harmony. The root also controls the harmony in affixation,resulting in left-to right harmony under suffixation. This bidirectional vowel harmony provides further evidence that the stem must be recognized as a prosodic domain.
Abstract
Dagara vowel harmony provides positive evidence that stem domains should be considered as part of the prosodic hierarchy. This paper complements previous studies that have argued for the presence of stem domains based on verbal reduplication (Downing 2001) and distribution of H tone (Jenks and Rose 2011)among others. Further evidence for a prosodic domain based on the stem comes from vowel harmony in Dagara, which displays opposite directionalities: left-toright (progressive) harmony in suffixations and right-to-left (regressive) harmony in compounds. A constraint-based analysis of root-controlled vowel harmony shows how this directional asymmetry is an example of a stem-domain sensitive phenomenon. Roots in Dagara compounds form a single stem, and the rightmost root in a stem domain controls vowel harmony, resulting in regressive rootcontrolled vowel harmony. The root also controls the harmony in affixation,resulting in left-to right harmony under suffixation. This bidirectional vowel harmony provides further evidence that the stem must be recognized as a prosodic domain.
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