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아프리카 국가들의 지속 가능한 발전을 위한 미세조류(microalgae) 개발과 잠재적 기여도 분석

The Diverse Use of Microalgae and its Potential Contribution to Achieving Sustainable Development in Africa.

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한국아프리카학회 (Korean Association Of African Studies)|2017.12|한국아프리카 학회지 (Journal of the Korean Association of African Studies)|제52권 제1호|pp. 49-86

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참고문헌

키워드

지속가능한 발전sustainable developmentAfrica아프리카조류미세조류microalgaealgae대체에너지원alternative energy sources
주제분류학제간연구

초록

아프리카는 빠른 경제 성장과 더불어 인구 또한 증가하고 있어 향후 대다수의 국가들이 더 많은 에너지 공급원을 필요로 할 것으로 전망된다. 특히, 최근 강조되고 있는 환경오염 감소 부문은 아프리카를 포함한 전세계 국가들로 하여금 대체에너지, 또는 재생에너지 개발 및 투자를 증진하게 했고 이는 향후 에너지 안보에서 큰 역할을 할 것으로 보인다. 최근 바이오 디젤을 추출할 수 있는 대체에너지원으로 주목받고 있는 미세조류(microalgae)는 대체 단백질원, 항생제, 폐수 정화 등 다양한 방면으로 사용될 수 있다. 이렇게 다양한 사용도를 자랑하는 미세조류가 경제 성장, 사회적 통합, 환경 보호 등 복합적인 지속가능 발전(sustainable development)을 추구하는 최근 세계적 동향에 적합한 자원으로써 지속가능한 발전 달성에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료되어 본 논문은 아프리카 국가들의 지속 가능한 발전에 있어 미세조류의 개발과 사용의 기여도를 분석한다. 본 논문은 미세조류가 아프리카에서 바이오 연료 추출을 비롯해 온실가스 감소, 폐수 정화 등에 일조할 수 있는 청정 에너지원으로써 에너지 안보와 환경오염 감소원으로 사용될 수 있을 뿐 아니라, 미세조류 섭취를 통해 아프리카의 고질적 문제인 식량 안보와 HIV/AIDS 감소에도 기여할 수 있다고 시사한다. 또한 SDGs의 틀에서 볼 때 22개의 세부 목표와 연관됨으로써 사회적 통합/발전(대목표 1, 2, 3, 6)과 환경보호(대목표 7, 12, 14, 15) 부문 목표 달성에 직 ‧ 간접적으로 기여할 수 있다. 하지만 국제적으로, 특히 바이오 에너지원 측면에서 대규모 바이오 연료 추출이 기술적인 이유로 제대로 이루어지지 않고 생산비가 높아 경제적으로 실용적이지 않은 현실과 아프리카 국가의 부족한 연구 및 개발 능력을 볼 때 미세조류가 어느 정도의 수준에서 아프리카의 지속가능 발전에 기여할 수 있는지 정확히 규명하기에는 한계가 있다. 즉, 아프리카 국가들은 각 국가의 환경(예: 날씨, 지형, 수량 등)과 경제 현황에 적합한 미세조류를 규명한 후 연구 및 개발하는 것이 기본적으로 이루어져야 한다. 이런 기본적인 단계를 기반으로 정부차원에서 미세조류의 사용을 각 국가의 자원, 경제 정책 등에 적합하게 적용하여 개발했을 시 최대의 성과를 낼 수 있을 것이며 지속가능한 발전이라는 목표 달성에 일조할 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract

In recent years, many African countries have experienced both rapid economic and population growth which suggest that there will be an increase in the demand for energy in the continent. Accordingly, coinciding with the growing awareness of global pollution issues, the development and the use of renewable energy has been receiving increased attention in Africa and the rest of the world. Microalgae is one of the more recent alternative energy sources that has gained growing attention as it is considered as a promising green energy source which can be used to produce biodiesel. Microalgae is also used in various other dimensions as it contains essential nutrients for human, used as antibiotics, and wastewater purification. As Microalgae can be used in diverse ways, it has the potential to contribute to sustainable development which is seen as a holistic approach in achieving diverse aims such as economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection. Accordingly, this paper aims to identify microalgae’s potential contribution to sustainable development in Africa by looking at different benefits that can be derived from microalgae development. The main findings of this paper is that; as microalgae can grow in and purify wastewater, using flue gas produced from various factories for its growth, it can be considered as a green energy source which can contribute to energy security matter and reducing pollution in Africa. Further, dietary microalgae can contribute to the reduction of malnutrition/poverty and reducing HIV/AIDS. In the framework of SDGs, the use of microalgae is linked to 22 specific targets which directly/indirectly contribute to achieving social inclusion(target 1, 2, 4, 6) and environmental protection(target 6, 7, 14, 15). However, the use of microalgae, especially as a source of biofuel, is not currently at a sufficient level globally. Africa also lacks the research and development capacity regarding in this field making it unclear whether its potential contribution to achieving sustainable development can be materialized. Accordingly, it is crucial that sufficient research and development can identify the most suitable microalgae for individual country’s environment and economic status first, and its use must be clearly included in resources, energy, economic policies in order to bring about microalgae’s potential to the highest level to achieve sustainable development in Africa.

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