French Strategy in Africa in a Changing Environment
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France has been a major player in Africa until recently. During the colonial era, France dominated vast areas stretching from the Arab-dominated North to Sub-Saharan West Africa. Despite the new wave of political independence during the 1950s and 1960s that had swept major areas of the world, France successfully maintained its influence over the newly independent French-speaking African countries through military putsches, political intrigues, and pro-France economic, military, and political elites. However, due to the changing regional and global environment, the position of France in Africa has been challenged. Globally, major, and regional powers, including some European ones, have been fiercely competing over Africa over the last two decades. In addition to the US, China, Russia, and Türkiye, among others have already positioned themselves in Africa. Some of these players have successfully curbed the influence of France in regions such as the case of Libya, and the Sahel. Regionally, a rising anti-France sentiment combined with the rise of some African regional powers and native politicians has added more pressure on France. The March 2023 verbal quarrel between President Macron and President Felix Tshisekedi, and the ongoing silent tension with Morocco reveal more about the uncomfortable French position in Africa. Against this background, France has launched a new African strategy aiming to reposition itself as a partner and halt its deteriorating position by building trust with Africa. Using an analytical-qualitative methodology, this paper aims to analyze to what extent France would be able to hold its position in Africa in a changing environment.
Abstract
France has been a major player in Africa until recently. During the colonial era, France dominated vast areas stretching from the Arab-dominated North to Sub-Saharan West Africa. Despite the new wave of political independence during the 1950s and 1960s that had swept major areas of the world, France successfully maintained its influence over the newly independent French-speaking African countries through military putsches, political intrigues, and pro-France economic, military, and political elites. However, due to the changing regional and global environment, the position of France in Africa has been challenged. Globally, major, and regional powers, including some European ones, have been fiercely competing over Africa over the last two decades. In addition to the US, China, Russia, and Türkiye, among others have already positioned themselves in Africa. Some of these players have successfully curbed the influence of France in regions such as the case of Libya, and the Sahel. Regionally, a rising anti-France sentiment combined with the rise of some African regional powers and native politicians has added more pressure on France. The March 2023 verbal quarrel between President Macron and President Felix Tshisekedi, and the ongoing silent tension with Morocco reveal more about the uncomfortable French position in Africa. Against this background, France has launched a new African strategy aiming to reposition itself as a partner and halt its deteriorating position by building trust with Africa. Using an analytical-qualitative methodology, this paper aims to analyze to what extent France would be able to hold its position in Africa in a changing environment.
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