미국 내 ‘히스패닉 계’의 인종적 정체성 연구
A Study of Ethnic Identity of the “Hispanics” in the United States
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This study analyzes ethnic identity of the Hispanics in the United States from two perspectives: how they are viewed by themselves and the outsiders. The main observations can be summed up as follows. Many Hispanics/Latinos refuse to place themselves in the five standard U.S. racial categories based primarily on skin color and instead identify their race as “some other race” or volunteer “Hispanic/Latino.” They indicate that they feel themselves to be an ethnic group with distinct Spanish cultural heritage. Many Hispanics adopt “situational identities” depending on the circumstances. They most often identify themselves in terms of their or their parents' country of origin, including “Mexican,” “Cuban,” or “Dominican,” followed by pan－ethnic terms of “Hispanic” or “Latino,” and then “American” on first reference. Although the terms “Hispanic” and “Latino” can be used interchangeably, the former is preferred over the latter. Who can be defined as a “Hispanic” or “Latino”? A simple answer is that anyone who says they are. The U.S. Census Bureau uses this simple approach. Demographically and culturally, however, a Hispanic or Latino is categorized not as a member of a racial group based primarily on phenotypic appearances but as a member of a culturally oriented ethnic group that traces its roots to more than 20 Latin American nations. In other words, Hispanics are defined as a distinct ethnic group who share a cultural heritage or a social identity associated with Latin American countries. Therefore, Hispanics in the United States may be characterized by Spanish as a significant and often dominant language and strong belief in Catholicism.
Abstract
This study analyzes ethnic identity of the Hispanics in the United States from two perspectives: how they are viewed by themselves and the outsiders. The main observations can be summed up as follows. Many Hispanics/Latinos refuse to place themselves in the five standard U.S. racial categories based primarily on skin color and instead identify their race as “some other race” or volunteer “Hispanic/Latino.” They indicate that they feel themselves to be an ethnic group with distinct Spanish cultural heritage. Many Hispanics adopt “situational identities” depending on the circumstances. They most often identify themselves in terms of their or their parents' country of origin, including “Mexican,” “Cuban,” or “Dominican,” followed by pan－ethnic terms of “Hispanic” or “Latino,” and then “American” on first reference. Although the terms “Hispanic” and “Latino” can be used interchangeably, the former is preferred over the latter. Who can be defined as a “Hispanic” or “Latino”? A simple answer is that anyone who says they are. The U.S. Census Bureau uses this simple approach. Demographically and culturally, however, a Hispanic or Latino is categorized not as a member of a racial group based primarily on phenotypic appearances but as a member of a culturally oriented ethnic group that traces its roots to more than 20 Latin American nations. In other words, Hispanics are defined as a distinct ethnic group who share a cultural heritage or a social identity associated with Latin American countries. Therefore, Hispanics in the United States may be characterized by Spanish as a significant and often dominant language and strong belief in Catholicism.
참고문헌 (38)
- "2010 Census Data: Redistricting Data" (2010)[URL]
- "U.S. Population Projections: 2005－2050: Social and Demographic Trends Report" (2008)[URL]
- J. Manuel Casas, "Handbook of Multicultural Counseling", pp.156~ (1995), Sage
- "Country of Origin Profiles" (2011)[URL]
- "Latinos in America 2010" (2010)[URL]
- Linda Alcoff, "Visible Identities: Race, Gender and Self" (2005), Oxford University Press
- Linda Alcoff, "Identities: Race, Class, Gender, and Nationality" (2007), Wiley－Blackwell
- Angelo Corlett, "Race, Racism, and Reparations" (2003), Cornell University Press
- Angelo Corlett, "Race, Rights and Justice" (2009), Springer
- Angelo Corlett, "Heirs of Oppression: Racism and Reparations" (2010), Rowman & Littlefield
- Latino Identity: A Philosophical Perspective, "Hispanic", pp.2000, Jorge Garcia
- Jorge Garcia, "Surviving Race, Ethnicity, and Nationality: A Challenge for the 21st Century" (2005), Rowman & Littlefield
- Jorge Garcia, "Race or Ethnicity? On Black and Latino Identity" (2007), Cornell University Press
- Jorge Garcia, "Latinos in America: Philosophy and Social Identity" (2008), Blackwell
- 김연진, "라티노 이민, 반 이민 정서, 그리고 ‘미국의 위기’", 사학지, 40, pp.95~124 (2008)
- 김우성, "미국 내 스페인어 사용 현황과 전망", 이베로아메리카, 7(1), pp.203~228 (2005), 중남미지역원
- 손영호, "1965년 이민법의 의도와 결과－‘예상치 못한’ 대량 이민의 원인", 인문과학연구, 18, pp.21~42 (1998)
- 이성훈, "라티노 미디어와 스페인어 텔레비전 방송", 비교문화연구, 23, pp.243~264 (2011), 비교문화연구소
- 이성훈, "라티노 이민을 바라보는 두 가지 관점", 스페인어문학, (56), pp.525~545 (2010), 한국스페인어문학회
- 전기순, "미국 내 히스패닉 인종의 사회적 현황과 문화적 정체성", 라틴아메리카연구, 16(1), pp.259~294 (2003), 한국라틴아메리카학회
- 최종호, "미국 남서부지역 스페인어의 현재와 미래", 스페인어문학, (25) (2002), 한국스페인어문학회
- 김연진, "멕시코계 미국인과 인종적 정체성, 그리고 딜레마", 미국사연구, 38, pp.73~104 (2013), 한국미국사학회
- 임상래, "라티노와 아메리카: 라티노, 히스패닉, 치카노, 그들은 누구인가", pp.39~48 (2013), 이담북스
- 김진웅, "미국에서 히스패닉 계의 정치적 정체성과 그 함의", 대구사학, 113, pp.221~250 (2013), 대구사학회
- "Poll: Identity, Blending in Important to Hispanics", Gainesville Sun, ~ (2010)
- Jorge Ramos, "La Ola Latina", pp.140~ (2005), Harper Collins Publishers Inc
- When Labels Don't Fit: Hispanics and Their Views of Identity, "Pew Research Center", Pew Hispanic Center, 2~ (2012)
- Who’s Hispanic?, "Jeffrey Passel", Pew Hispanic Center, 2~ (2009)
- Luis R. Fraga, "Latinos in the New Millennium: An Almanac of Opinion, Behavior, and Policy Preferences", pp.34~ (2012), Cambridge University Press
- Fraga, "Latinos in the New Millennium"
- Steve Tammelleo, "Continuity and Change in Hispanic Identity", Ethnicities, 11(4) (2011)
- Joseph G. Ponterotto, "Preventing Prejudice: A Guide for Counselors and Educators", pp.8~ (1993), Sage Publications
- Constanza Montana, "Hispanics Mull Many Identities", Chicago Tribune, 3~ (1990)
- Horace M. Kallen, "Culture and Democracy in the United States" (1924), Boni & Liverright
- F. Chris Garcia, "Hispanics and the U.S. Political System: Moving into the Mainstream" (2008), Pearson Prentice Hall
- 김진웅, "미국인의 탄생: 미국을 만든 다원성의 힘", pp.54~55 (2006), 살림
- Garcia, "Hispanics and the U.S. Political System", pp.7~
- Felix Padilla, "Latino Ethnic Consciousness: The Case of Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans in Chicago", pp.62~ (1985), University of Notre Dame Press