델포이 인보동맹의 설립과 역할

Abstract

This article is aims to examine to the foundation and role of the Delphic Amphictyonic League. In central Greece there existed an Amphiktyony whose seat was the sanctuary of Demeter at Anthele，a small town near Thermopylai. In the 6th century B.C., the seat of the Amphiktyony was transferred to the sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi. The primary aim of the Amphictyony was purely religious; it was an association for providing the festivals and sacrifices to the patron god. The city of Krisa levied dues on all pilgrims to Delphi, many of whom had to disembark at its port of Kirrha. Early in the 6C the pilgrims complained of extortionate charges, and the Delphians appealed to the Amphictyonic League. The ensuing conflict was known as the First Sacred War (c. 595-586 B.C.). In assistance was given by Kleisthenes of Sikyon, and Krisa, with its port Kirrha, was destroyed. Its territory was confiscated. The Amphictyonic League took the Temple of Apollo at Delphi under its wing, and the state of Delphi was made autonomous. About this time the Pythian Games were reorganized and, from 582 B.C., like the Olympic Games, were held every four years. The Amphiktyonic League, then, declared Delphi an independent township 一 which meant that it no longer cameu nder the Phokian state — and placed the sanctuary under its own protection. The principles of the institutional structures do not seem to have changed over time. The core of the Amphiktyony’ traditional organizational structure survived. The location，scheduling, and frequency of assembly meetings were strictly adhered to, as was the number of its members. The distribution of seats entitled to vote, whose number was first 12，and later 24, remained valid until the Augustanera, and can also be traced to the beginnings of the amphiktyony. The equal allocation of votes to all members without any consideration of size or significance resembled early forms of decision-making. This, however, presupposed common religious ties and was bound to have its effect on the political and economic relations of the states to one another. It was the special task of the Amphictyony to guarantee certain rules of behaviour between different states. It was the fact of a common cult that bound the states together, even though, within the limits of the rules of the Amphictyony and outside it generally, each state was completely independent both in politics and in waging war.