조선시대 지상식 건물지의 편년과 변천 -경기남부지역 주거지를 중심으로-

Abstract

The above-ground dwelling of the Joseon Dynasty period has already been reported in a large number of remains since the 2000s, but since there are fewer individuals, and an examiner or reporter cannot clearly recognize the structure of the dwelling. Therefore, the author summarized the status of remains in the South Gyeonggi Province in this paper and assessed the characteristics by which changes of the times are perceived. Based on the characteristics drawn, this study attempted to chronicle each type and set up stages based on this. In addition, lastly, the types and characteristics of the settlement were analyzed. The contents of the examination are summarized as follows: The above-ground dwelling of the Joseon Dynasty Period in the target place of research is classified into two types according to the use of the space, which is subdivided into five types according to the member of heating under hypocaust and plane form. Type A is a type integrated with the space, where no spatial division separated by the slope or column is found in the form of the longitudinal section including the plane form of the dwelling. The difference between Type A1 and Type A2 is determined according to the member of heating under hypocaust, Type A1 used stone while Type A2 used a hard pan. It is judged that the main period of Type A began to appear in the late 14th century and continued to exist by the late 16th century according to the excavated relics or the result of a natural scientific analysis. Type B is a type, separated from the space, and the division between main living space and secondary living space is clear in the plane form and longitudinal section form of dwelling. Type B is divided according to the plane form. It has various forms, e.g., Type B1 takes ‘日’-shaped planar form; Type B2 takes ‘呂’-shaped planar form; and Type B3 is divided by ‘room.’ The main period of Type B began to appear from the late 16th century and continued till the modern time since the 19th Century. The stage is divided into 2 stages. Stage 1 is the early period, dwelling established the late 14th century through the late 16th century in the Joseon Dynasty Period, evenly distributed from higher part to lower part of the hills. During this period, the above-ground dwelling exists with pit dwelling, and since the viewing area of the remains, the labor force put in to set up the dwelling, and the qualitative differences of the relics in the dwelling were reflected, it is judged that there were differences in rank, wealth or age. It is judged that, for the structure of the dwelling, the living space in which a hypocaust is seen and the furnace, which is the combustion section are exposed, and in the hypocaust, there are mostly circular cavity and single flue. The inexperience in the installation of the hypocaust would be supplemented with stone or the method of reducing the scale. The type coming under Stage 1 is Type A, and the representative relics include Namsa (Agok), Yongin and Namyang-dong, Hwaseong. Stage 2 is the middle and late period, dwelling the late 16th Century and 19th Century in the Joseon Dynasty Period. The location is similar to that in Stage 1 but shows more advancement by separate public works or occupation of space. In above-ground dwelling during the period, the hypocaust is installed very exquisitely, and transverse cavity and multiple flue structures appear, which could not be seen in Stage 1. In addition, as the area of the dwelling becomes wider, various separate spaces are found, in addition to the main living space. The type coming under Stage 2 is Type B, and the representative relics include Tap-dong and Jigok-dong, Osan and Gorim-dong, Yongin. The type of the settlement is divided into three types, i.e., Pit dwelling+Type A, Type B coexistence and Type B3 alone. These settlements are understood as the results of structural changes broadly according to changes in cooking and heating equipment, and in addition, according to war, climate (temperature lowering) and the collapse of the caste system, types of settlement preferred in each period were identified.