조선시대 구들주거의 구조와 변천과정- 평택 고덕국제화계획지구를 중심으로

Abstract

As a result of the archeological surface survey of Pyeongtaek Godeok Internationalization Planned District, 36 sites of scattered relics were reported, and inspection thereon was carried out by 11 cultural heritage survey-specialized institutions over 10 years thereafter. Diverse remains of the past ranging from prehistoric times to medieval times were reported from the inspection of the project district, and it is those of the Joseon Dynasty that account for the largest number of the remains. 5,300-odd remains of the Joseon Dynasty were reported from 30 sites of scattered relics, 680-odd dwellings related to settlements from 20 sites of scattered relics, and 2,200-odd supplementary facilities (dug holes, storage holes, standing pole buildings) from 20 sites of scattered relics, respectively. They are remains of the largest scale from a single project district. Meanwhile, the mainstream of archeological research on gudeul in Korea has concentrated on primordial arguments, and has centered on particular periods. Although studies on periods after medieval times have also been carried out, they have limitation in that they investigated a particular class. The buildings or dwellings of the particular class are not useful for comparing and indicating the society due to their strong identity and indivisuality, whereas private houses of most people have representative nature. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to identify the structure of gudeul housing clearly and discern its transition process that continued up to modern traditional houses, by investigating gudeul dwellings of the Joseon Dynasty reported from the Pyeongtaek Godeok Internationalization Planned District that has rich data thereon. In addition, the Joseon Dynasty provides richer historical records and modern data than other periods because it is a period nearest to the modern and contemporary times, and so is also advantageous for mutual comparison. Gudeul dwellings of the Joseon Dynasty transited from a single room + partial floor gudeul or a single room + full floor gudeul in the former period to two rooms + full floor gudeul or two rooms or more + full or partial floor gudeul in the latter period. Further, gudeul dwellings increasingly accounted for the overwhelming number of housing, the conspicuous purpose of gudeul was spatial utilization, and the area of gudeul became wider as well. These changes may be attributed to the socio-political situation of those times and the change of natural climate.