신문화운동기 리다자오(李大釗)의 조화사상과 정치인식

Abstract

In a word, Li Da-zhao's idea of harmony is a harmonious view of the world and a view of life, in which two phenomena and values, which are mutually contradictory and conflicting, can be of one accord and be coexisting. Li Da-zhao saw that everything in the universe is rotating. He thought that prosperity and decline, life and death, destruction and creation, health and decay, old and young, and birth and death both of which were necessary and inevitable were repeated, and in the end, were different appearances of the same things. What should have created new China, new ideas and new institutions should have been practically young, new, dynamic, and energetic society, not just seemingly new and young society. Li Da-zhao's constructive, practical view of the universe and view of the world served to induce the political awakening and artificial efforts of intellectuals to create a new China. By doing so, the people have been forced to demand democracy as a substitute for monarchism and to wipe out the despotism, an element of the old tradition of china that has hindered the revival of young China. Such a conflicting and coexisting, contradictory and changeable view of the world, which is known as the “Youth” universe view, was, in other words, harmonious ideas. This idea of harmony was revealed in several writings published by Li Da-zhao in New Culture Movement era to shape his political and social theory, and later determined the character of political campaign he sought to overcome the political and social contradictions. In Li Da-zhao's whole system of thought, it is too difficult to dismiss the ideological influence so that we can’t look his idea of harmony as an immature philosophical theory or a bourgeois deviation before he became a Marxist. The concept of youth, which was very important in his ideas and writings, could not only mean the ideal future that the old and sick China had to pulled out of the current situation and wanted to achieve. It was another character and appearance china already had at that time. Li Da-zhao did not only want to give the Chinese at the time the ideal value of regeneration and rebirth, but to find the principles and power to create youth china, or new china, in a real society. This idea of harmony between confrontation and coexistence could develop into a trend to accept the matter along with the spirit as a key element in operation of universe from the phase of emphasis on non-materialistic factors. Then, the spiritualism that Li Da-zhao showed in embracing Marxism, in other words, would be an evidence that he has been embraced materialism in a system of idealistic thought.