동학농민전쟁기 경상도 소모사의 향촌안정책 시도와 성격 - 상주·김산을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This paper attempted to understand the character of the local stabilization policy through the activities of Jeong Eui-mook and Cho Si-young, Somo(Collect army) army official, who were appointed to Sangju and Gimsan in Gyeongsang-do during the Donghak Peasant War. Previous studies has studied the activities of the Donghak Peasant Army, its origins, the local influential class, and the responses of Somo army official, revealing the national universality and local specificity of the Donghak Peasant War. However, Previous studies have not been identified as an extension of the conflict over local power since the 18th century in relation to Somo army official's local stabilization policy. The participation of the influential class in the local management due to the strengthening of political power of suryong(守令, local prefect) has relatively reduced the influence of Jaeji-Sajok(在地士族). The Jaeji-Sajok strengthened their solidarity through Seowon(書院), Hyanggyo(鄕校), and Gye(契), and based on this, they engaged in local power. However, local management and order of suryeong and the local influential class were maintained. The negative effects were pointed out as a peasant uprising in 1862, but continued after that, putting pressure on the local residents. Finally, Donghak Peasant Army's activities were actively carried out in Gyeongsang-do. The government dispatched Jeong Eui-mook and Cho Si-young to Sangju and Kimsan, key points in Gyeongsang-do, as Somo army official to deal with the confusion caused by the activities of the peasant army. Since they were former government officials and members of each local community, they were suitable people for recruiting righteous army and stabilizing the local. Somo army officials set up Somo military camp to recover from the Donghak Peasant War by gathering the Jaeji-Sajok and the influential class, and implemented local stabilization measures to rebuild the Neo-Confucian order such as Hyangyak(鄕約, village code) and Ogajaktong(五家作統, 5-family system). In addition, they encouraged the participation of local residents to supply military supplies and defend the local. However, Jaeji-Sajok who participated in the Sangju Somo military camp sat on the fence or refused to recruit righteous army. and the influential class caused problems, such as plundering the people in the distribution of a contribution to collect military supply. Jeong Eui-mook had to rebuild the local order around them, so he had no choice but to speak well and encourage them. Gimsan Somo military camp had to encourage them to participate in the righteous army when all fled. Gimsan Sajok dispersed without serving as a pivotal role for the local stability. In addition, it revealed the discriminatory figure of the Gimsan Sajok society, such as not punishing those arrested for Donghak. Finally, the conflict over the local power, which continued until the end of the 19th century, was also revealed in Somo military camp activities. The purpose of participation in Somo military camp was different between the influential class and the Jaeji-Sajok, and Somo army official represented their interests as members of the Jaeji-Sajok. The somo army official’s local stabilization policy had a strong characteristic of maintaining the established order, and Somo army official lacked time and awareness of the problem to present other policy. In addition, the movement of the Jaeji-Sajok to increase their influence in the local appeared uncooperative in the war.