John Cotton’s Discrepancies: Theocracy and Individual Freedom
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John Cotton is regarded as the chief spokesman of the Massachusetts theocracy and probably its major architect. However, he was, on the other hand, looked upon by his contemporary fellow ministers as the mastermind of the Antinomian Controversy, which shattered the early puritan society. This essay aims to examine the discrepancies in his writings and sermons to investigate his conflicting theological ideas toward his contemporary theocratic order and individual freedom. This essay also explores how his trouble-making discourse became, in Foucault’s terms, immanent in the dominant discourse of the pastoral power. This interrogation ultimately illuminates the nature of puritan pastoral power and the relationship between individual freedom and societal control in early American society. His writings and sermons demonstrate that, until the Antinomian Controversy, the discourse of theocratic order and the discourse that can oppose it must have co-existed in Cotton. Yet, as pastoral power muted the Antinomians, it must have disciplined Cotton by excluding his trouble-making discourse. This process demonstrates how the dominant discourse of pastoral power disciplined subjects and how societal power constrained individual freedom. This essay also illustrates the meaning of this process both on the individual and social level.
Abstract
John Cotton is regarded as the chief spokesman of the Massachusetts theocracy and probably its major architect. However, he was, on the other hand, looked upon by his contemporary fellow ministers as the mastermind of the Antinomian Controversy, which shattered the early puritan society. This essay aims to examine the discrepancies in his writings and sermons to investigate his conflicting theological ideas toward his contemporary theocratic order and individual freedom. This essay also explores how his trouble-making discourse became, in Foucault’s terms, immanent in the dominant discourse of the pastoral power. This interrogation ultimately illuminates the nature of puritan pastoral power and the relationship between individual freedom and societal control in early American society. His writings and sermons demonstrate that, until the Antinomian Controversy, the discourse of theocratic order and the discourse that can oppose it must have co-existed in Cotton. Yet, as pastoral power muted the Antinomians, it must have disciplined Cotton by excluding his trouble-making discourse. This process demonstrates how the dominant discourse of pastoral power disciplined subjects and how societal power constrained individual freedom. This essay also illustrates the meaning of this process both on the individual and social level.
참고문헌 (21)
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