“Homeland Security”: Native American Rhetoric of the Cold War in Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony
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This essay investigates how Leslie Marmon Silko, in her first novel Ceremony, envisions the politics of Native American cultural identity and sovereignty within the mainstream frame of Cold War national imperative. Attempting to reclaim Native American political and cultural sovereignty in the paranoid environments of the global Cold War, Silko takes up the rhetoric of “hybrid patriotism” and “homeland security” in order to blunt the Cold War ideologies of rational individualism, national security, and ethnic assimilation that endanger Native American self-determination and communal values. Laguna Indian protagonist Tayo’s journey of spiritual healing is presented to the mainstream as a process of transformation from “un(wanted)-American” to a “Native American.” To present her agenda of indigenous cultural sovereignty in a manner more acceptable to white American readers, Silko mobilizes some modernist literary conventions such as bildungsroman and grail romance. Ceremony’s ingenious integration of a story of Indian tribal identity formation into the familiar narrative conventions of US Cold War national self-fashioning and liberal individualism allows Silko to explore the possibility that Native American homeland can coexist and even to some extant, share communal responsibility with the white America.
Abstract
This essay investigates how Leslie Marmon Silko, in her first novel Ceremony, envisions the politics of Native American cultural identity and sovereignty within the mainstream frame of Cold War national imperative. Attempting to reclaim Native American political and cultural sovereignty in the paranoid environments of the global Cold War, Silko takes up the rhetoric of “hybrid patriotism” and “homeland security” in order to blunt the Cold War ideologies of rational individualism, national security, and ethnic assimilation that endanger Native American self-determination and communal values. Laguna Indian protagonist Tayo’s journey of spiritual healing is presented to the mainstream as a process of transformation from “un(wanted)-American” to a “Native American.” To present her agenda of indigenous cultural sovereignty in a manner more acceptable to white American readers, Silko mobilizes some modernist literary conventions such as bildungsroman and grail romance. Ceremony’s ingenious integration of a story of Indian tribal identity formation into the familiar narrative conventions of US Cold War national self-fashioning and liberal individualism allows Silko to explore the possibility that Native American homeland can coexist and even to some extant, share communal responsibility with the white America.
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