비판적 혼종성의 가능성과 실코의 『의식』
The Possibility of Critical Hybridity in Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony
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Although the concept of hybrid or hybridity has become key in cultural studies, postcolonial studies, and other fields, it has brought about a lot of debate on its definition. Some critics praise its ability to critically intervene in the essentialist notions of identity, race, and culture, and to subvert binary categories such as superiority/inferiority, center/periphery, barbarism/civilization, and the higher/the lower, which are produced by dominant Western forces. Conversely, other critics warn that the notion of hybrid itself is reified or essentialized when it is employed without considering the social and political realities. They also question the notion of hybrid as used as a new means of cultural domination, manipulation, and commodification by transnational capital and dominant cultural forces, when the notion itself is separated from its own social and historical realities. This paper examines these positive and negative arguments, and then it reviews Lesile Marmon Silko’s Ceremony to reveal the critical possibility of the hybrid or hybridity. Section Ⅱ investigates how Silko criticizes and undermines Western essentialist binarism through characters and stories in the novel. In Section Ⅲ, this paper explains that Silko seeks the critical possibility of the hybrid, as opposed to being the way of commodification, while depicting marginalized subjects’ suffering and frustrations that are a result of the economic inequalities and differences in the text. Section Ⅳ examines what Tayo and Old Betonie, the hybrid subjects, pursue to overcome violence, hatred, suppression and discrimination, and then discusses a new recognition of the hybrid as transition and creation, not as boundary and exclusion.
Abstract
Although the concept of hybrid or hybridity has become key in cultural studies, postcolonial studies, and other fields, it has brought about a lot of debate on its definition. Some critics praise its ability to critically intervene in the essentialist notions of identity, race, and culture, and to subvert binary categories such as superiority/inferiority, center/periphery, barbarism/civilization, and the higher/the lower, which are produced by dominant Western forces. Conversely, other critics warn that the notion of hybrid itself is reified or essentialized when it is employed without considering the social and political realities. They also question the notion of hybrid as used as a new means of cultural domination, manipulation, and commodification by transnational capital and dominant cultural forces, when the notion itself is separated from its own social and historical realities. This paper examines these positive and negative arguments, and then it reviews Lesile Marmon Silko’s Ceremony to reveal the critical possibility of the hybrid or hybridity. Section Ⅱ investigates how Silko criticizes and undermines Western essentialist binarism through characters and stories in the novel. In Section Ⅲ, this paper explains that Silko seeks the critical possibility of the hybrid, as opposed to being the way of commodification, while depicting marginalized subjects’ suffering and frustrations that are a result of the economic inequalities and differences in the text. Section Ⅳ examines what Tayo and Old Betonie, the hybrid subjects, pursue to overcome violence, hatred, suppression and discrimination, and then discusses a new recognition of the hybrid as transition and creation, not as boundary and exclusion.
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