청교주의와 이디스 워튼:이디스 워튼의 '이썬 프롬'과 '여름'을 중심으로
The Influence of Puritanism on Edith Wharton’s Ethan Frome and Summer
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
초록
Abstract
This article is to examine the influence of Calvinistic Puritanism on Edith Wharton's Ethan Frome and Summer. These two closely related novels are about "the same class and type" of the people in a small New England village where Puritanism had a powerful influence upon every aspect of the society. Wharton found herself wrestling with Puritanism when she began an adulterous affair with Morton Fullerton. This affair reactivated the 'moral tortures' of Puritanism that had obsessed her since her childhood. The unending bleakness of all three of the main characters' lives in Ethan Frome reflects Wharton's sense that she would never extricate herself from this romantic triangle. This novel conveys Wharton's experience of Puritanism as both a personal and cultural defeat.Wharton continued to explore alternatives to patriarchy and Calvinistic Puritanism throughout her life. Summer represents Wharton's search for non-Christian ideals - for guiltless personal freedom and a spiritual home to which one may return for good. It celebrates the unrestricted fullness of the season named in its title and describes the flowering of a woman's first romance. However, the fact that the novel ends with autumn's approach and is set in Puritan New England demonstrates that for Wharton the search for alternatives could be only partially fulfilled. With these two novels Wharton examined the repressive influence of Puritanism and her attempts to get over its oppressive effects. She was not completely successful in the attempt. She seemed to assert that we need not be immobilized by these obstacles as Frome, Zeena and Mattie are; however, we can never simply cast them aside and elect a life of absolute freedom and perfect satisfaction as Charity initially expected. Wharton's own unhappy marriage, the consequences of her affair with Fullerton and the deaths and grief during World War I had taught her these sober lessons of life.
참고문헌 (20)
- Ammons, Elizabeth, "Edith Wharton’s Argument with America." (1980), U. of Georgia P
- Engelman,Joan Chamberlain, "The Feminine Dimension of the Divine" (1979), Westminster
- Erlich,Gloria C, "The Sexual Education of Edith Wharton" (1992), U of California P
- Fedorko,Kathy A, "Gender and the Gothic in the Fiction of Edith Wharton" (1992), U of California P
- Fryer,Judith, ".Felicitous Space:The Imaginative Structures of Edith Wharton and Willa Cather" (1986), U of North Carolina P
- Gimbel, "Landmark Dissertation in Woman’s Studies Series" (1981)
- Susan, "‘The Black Page’ and the Issues of Female Creativity", pp.79~93 (1982)
- Kazine, Alfred, "＂Afterwords＂ Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton.", pp.141~150 (1997), Scribner Paperback Fiction
- Neumann, "An Analysis of the Archetype" (1963), Princeton Princeton UP
- Nevius, "A Study of Her Fiction" (1961)
- Ransom, "A Note on Fiction", pp.271~88 (1936)
- Shulman,Robert, "Social Criticism & Nineteenth-Century American Fiction" (1987), U of Missouri P
- Singley, Carol J, "Edith Wharton: Matters of Mind and Spirit." (1995), Cambridge UP
- Smith,Timothy L, "Revivalism and Social Reform in Mid Nineteenth Century of American Ideas" (1966), Michigan UP
- Waid, "Edith Wharton’s Letter from the Underworld" (1991)
- Wharton,Edith, "Ethan Frome and Other Short Fiction" (1987), Bantam Books
- Novellas, "The Library of America" (1990)
- Wilson, "Justice to Edith Wharton A Collection of Critical Essays", Prentice-Hall
- Wolff, "This Vision of His Story", pp.65~89 (1986), Chelsea House Publishers
- New York, "A Feast of Words The Triumph of Edith Wharton" (1977)